Lieber Richard L, Fridén Jan
Departments of Orthopaedics and Bioengineering, University of California and Veterans Administration Medical Centers, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Feb(419):267-79.
The basic anatomic and physiologic properties of human upper extremity muscles have been elucidated using a novel intraoperative sarcomere length measuring device in conjunction with quantitative anatomic and biomechanic models of these same muscles. We reviewed the genesis of these studies which began with development of the optical tools, validation using animal models, and application to human upper extremity surgery. Human muscles have a remarkable degree of specialization, even among synergists. Mechanical properties of human tendons provide another source of specialization such that the muscle-tendon unit does not simply retain the properties of a muscle plus a tendon. The operating range of different muscles is also a method whereby the balance of the joint can be maintained in the face of altered moment arms and muscle forces. The derivation of these principles is explained along with their importance in surgical tendon transfers where one muscle substitutes function for another.
通过一种新型术中肌节长度测量装置，结合这些肌肉的定量解剖学和生物力学模型，已阐明了人类上肢肌肉的基本解剖学和生理学特性。我们回顾了这些研究的起源，这些研究始于光学工具的开发、动物模型验证以及在人类上肢手术中的应用。人类肌肉具有显著的特化程度，即使在协同肌之间也是如此。人类肌腱的力学特性提供了另一种特化来源，使得肌肉-肌腱单元并非简单地保留肌肉和肌腱的特性。不同肌肉的工作范围也是一种方法，借此可在力矩臂和肌肉力量改变时维持关节平衡。文中解释了这些原理的推导过程以及它们在手术肌腱转移中的重要性，即在手术肌腱转移中一块肌肉替代另一块肌肉的功能。
