Melhorn J Mark, Gardner Peggy
Department of Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Feb(419):285-96. doi: 10.1097/00003086-200402000-00045.
American businesses face huge costs for work-related musculoskeletal pain. Work-related musculoskeletal pain is not new or unique to the population of the United States. Many historic manifestations of workplace pain have been related to innovation and technology changes. Incidence rates and severity of symptoms have had an interesting relationship to the public concern and governmental decisions. In 1999, a National Academy of Sciences study found total costs to be more than US dollar 1 trillion per year and concluded that effective prevention of workplace pain through active intervention is not only possible, but results in a significant cost savings for the employer while reducing the disability experienced by the employee. Employers have been reluctant to embrace the benefits of workplace prevention for work-related musculoskeletal pain. The purpose of this review is to examine (1). what is know about prevention of work-related musculoskeletal pain and workplace musculoskeletal disorders, (2). a brief description of several prevention preventing behaviors, (3). an analysis of how these preventing behaviors are maintained, and (4). suggestions on how to reverse these prevention preventing behaviors.
美国企业因与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疼痛面临巨大成本。与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疼痛并非美国所独有或新出现的问题。工作场所疼痛的许多历史表现都与创新和技术变革有关。发病率和症状严重程度与公众关注及政府决策有着有趣的关联。1999年，美国国家科学院的一项研究发现，每年的总成本超过1万亿美元，并得出结论：通过积极干预有效预防工作场所疼痛不仅是可能的，而且能为雇主大幅节省成本，同时减少员工的残疾情况。雇主一直不愿接受预防与工作相关肌肉骨骼疼痛的工作场所预防措施带来的益处。本综述的目的是研究：（1）关于预防与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疼痛和工作场所肌肉骨骼疾病的已知情况；（2）对几种预防行为的简要描述；（3）对这些预防行为如何得以维持的分析；以及（4）关于如何扭转这些阻碍预防行为的建议。
