Zinati Gladis M, Li Yuncong, Bryan Herbert H, Mylavarapu Rao S, Codallo Merlyn
Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2004 Jan;39(1):209-23. doi: 10.1081/pfc-120027450.
Composts improve organic carbon content and nutrients of calcareous soils but the accumulation and distribution of phosphorus and heavy metals among various fractions in soil may vary under the south Florida conditions. The accumulation of P, Cd, Ni, and Pb with depth and the distribution of water soluble, exchangeable, carbonate, Fe-Mn oxides, organic and residual forms of each element were investigated in soils amended with municipal solid waste (MSW) compost, co-compost and biosolids compost and inorganic fertilizer (as control). Total concentrations of P, Cd, Ni, and Pb were higher in the 0-22 cm soil layers and decreased considerably in the rock layers. These elements were in the decreasing order of P >> Pb > Ni > Cd. Amounts of water soluble and exchangeable forms of P, Cd, Ni and Pb were negligible at 0-22 cm soil depths except for Cd in the 10-22 cm depth. Amending calcareous soil with either organic or inorganic amendments rendered phosphorus, nickle and lead in the residual form followed by Fe-Mn oxides form in the 0-10 and 10-22 cm soil layers. Cadmium was predominantly in the Fe-Mn oxides fraction followed by the residual and carbonate forms in both soil layers. A significant positive correlation was found between various organic carbon fractions and organic forms of P, Cd and Pb in the surface soil layer. Soil amended with MSW compost had higher concentration of Cd in the organic fraction whereas, co-compost and MSW compost amended soil had higher concentrations of organic Ni fraction in the 0-10 cm soil layer.
堆肥可提高石灰性土壤的有机碳含量和养分，但在南佛罗里达条件下，土壤中磷和重金属在各组分间的积累和分布可能会有所不同。研究了用城市固体废物（MSW）堆肥、混合堆肥和生物固体堆肥以及无机肥料（作为对照）改良的土壤中，磷、镉、镍和铅随深度的积累情况以及各元素的水溶性、交换性、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残留态的分布。在0 - 22厘米土层中，磷、镉、镍和铅的总浓度较高，而在岩石层中则大幅下降。这些元素的含量顺序为磷 >> 铅 > 镍 > 镉。在0 - 22厘米土壤深度处，除了10 - 22厘米深度的镉外，磷、镉、镍和铅的水溶性和交换性形态的含量可忽略不计。用有机或无机改良剂改良石灰性土壤后，在0 - 10厘米和10 - 22厘米土层中，磷、镍和铅主要以残留态存在，其次是铁锰氧化物结合态。在两个土层中，镉主要以铁锰氧化物结合态存在，其次是残留态和碳酸盐结合态。在表层土壤中，各种有机碳组分与磷、镉和铅的有机形态之间存在显著正相关。用城市固体废物堆肥改良的土壤中，有机组分中的镉浓度较高，而用混合堆肥和城市固体废物堆肥改良的土壤在0 - 10厘米土层中有机镍组分的浓度较高。
