Zhang M K, He Z L, Stoffella P J, Calvert D V, Yang X E, Xia Y P, Wilson S B
College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 311029, China.
J Environ Qual. 2004 Jan-Feb;33(1):373-9. doi: 10.2134/jeq2004.3730.
The potential risk of surface and ground water contamination by phosphorus (P) and heavy metals leached from compost-based containerized media has become an environmental concern. Solubility and fractionation of P and heavy metals were evaluated in media containing 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% compost derived from biosolids and yard trimmings for potential impacts on the environment. As compost proportion in peat-based media increased from 0 to 100%, concentrations of total P, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn in the media increased whereas concentrations of total Co and Cr decreased. Except for Cu, all heavy metals in the water-soluble fraction decreased with increasing compost proportion in the media, because of higher Fe, Al, and Ca concentrations and pH values of the composts than the peat. When the media pH is controlled and maintained at normal range of plant growth (5.5-6.5), leaching of the heavy metals is minimal. Incorporation of compost to the peat-based media also decreased the proportion of total P that was water-soluble. However, concentrations of bioavailable inorganic phosphorus (NaHCO3-IP), readily mineralizable organic phosphorus (NaHCO3-OP), potentially bioavailable inorganic phosphorus (NaOH-IP), and potentially bioavailable organic phosphorus (NaOH-OP) were still higher in the media amended with compost because of higher total P concentration in the compost. Further study is needed to verify if less or no topdressing of chemical P fertilizer should be applied to the compost-amended media to minimize P effect on the environment when compost-amended potting media are used for nursery or greenhouse crop production systems.
基于堆肥的容器栽培介质中磷（P）和重金属的淋溶对地表水和地下水造成污染的潜在风险已成为一个环境问题。对含有0%、25%、50%、75%或100%源自生物固体和庭院修剪物的堆肥的介质中P和重金属的溶解度及形态进行了评估，以了解其对环境的潜在影响。随着泥炭基介质中堆肥比例从0%增加到100%，介质中总P、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Mn的浓度增加，而总Co和Cr的浓度降低。除Cu外，介质中水溶性部分的所有重金属均随着堆肥比例的增加而降低，这是因为堆肥中的Fe、Al和Ca浓度以及pH值高于泥炭。当介质pH值控制并维持在植物生长的正常范围（5.5 - 6.5）时，重金属的淋溶量最小。将堆肥添加到泥炭基介质中也降低了水溶性总P的比例。然而，由于堆肥中总P浓度较高，在添加堆肥的介质中，生物可利用无机磷（NaHCO₃ - IP）、易矿化有机磷（NaHCO₃ - OP）、潜在生物可利用无机磷（NaOH - IP）和潜在生物可利用有机磷（NaOH - OP）的浓度仍然较高。当将添加堆肥的盆栽介质用于苗圃或温室作物生产系统时，是否应减少或不施用化学磷肥追肥以尽量减少P对环境的影响，这需要进一步研究来验证。
