Theorell T, Leymann H, Jodko M, Konarski K, Norbeck H E, Eneroth P
National Institute of Psychosocial Factors and Health, Stockholm, Sweden.
Psychosom Med. 1992 Jul-Aug;54(4):480-8. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199207000-00010.
From the subway driver's point of view, a "person under train" (PUT) incident is a serious life event. This study focuses on the 1-year consequences of such events. Follow-up was made 3 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year after the event. Forty consecutive PUT subway drivers were followed. For each PUT driver, a control driver matched with regard to gender, age, and country of birth was followed at identical intervals.
The PUT group had significantly more sick days during the interval from the event to 3 weeks later. During the period 3 weeks to 3 months after the event no difference between the groups was observed. From 3 months to 1 year after the PUT significantly more days were again reported by the PUT group. Thirty-eight percent in the PUT group versus 14% in the control group had at least 1 month of sickness absence during this period. A mild acute psychophysiological reaction was observed 3 weeks after the event, with elevated prolactin and increased sleep disturbance in the PUT group. Such acute reactions were transitory and not correlated with long-term sick leave, which was predicted independently, however, by a high plasma cortisol level (analyzed in men) and a high depression score. Drivers in the group with seriously injured victims were absent from work for longer periods than drivers in the groups with mildly injured or dead victims.
从地铁司机的角度来看，“列车下人员”（PUT）事件是一个严重的生活事件。本研究关注此类事件的1年后果。在事件发生后的3周、3个月和1年进行随访。对连续40名经历PUT事件的地铁司机进行随访。对于每名经历PUT事件的司机，选取一名在性别、年龄和出生国家方面匹配的对照司机，以相同的时间间隔进行随访。
在事件发生至3周后的时间段内，PUT组的病假天数显著更多。在事件发生后3周至3个月期间，两组之间未观察到差异。在PUT事件发生后3个月至1年期间，PUT组再次报告了更多的病假天数。在此期间，PUT组中有38%的人至少有1个月病假，而对照组为14%。在事件发生3周后观察到一种轻度急性心理生理反应，PUT组中催乳素升高且睡眠障碍增加。此类急性反应是短暂的，与长期病假无关，然而，长期病假由高血浆皮质醇水平（在男性中分析）和高抑郁评分独立预测。与轻伤或死亡受害者组的司机相比，重伤受害者组的司机缺勤时间更长。
