Tranah T, Farmer R D
Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, U.K.
Soc Sci Med. 1994 Feb;38(3):459-69. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90448-0.
Around 90 London Underground train drivers experience a person jumping or falling in front of their train each year. The majority of these incidents are suicides or attempted suicides. 76 drivers were interviewed in order to assess the range of responses to these incidents. The following psychometric instruments were used: Present State Examination (PSE9); Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Interview; General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28); Impact of Events Scale (IES); Post-Traumatic Symptom Scale; Recent Difficulties/Events scale; Perceived Stress Scale and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). When interviewed 1 month after the incident 13 (17.11%) drivers presented with PTSD. Diagnoses other than PTSD e.g. neurotic depression and phobic state were present in 24 (31.58%) drivers (including 12 of the 13 PTSD cases who had one additional diagnosis). On the basis of diagnoses three groups were identified: Group 1 drivers had PTSD and in most cases an additional PSE9 diagnosis; Group 2 drivers had a PSE9 diagnosis only; Group 3 drivers were not cases. 56 drivers were again interviewed 6 months after the incident to assess duration of caseness and/or symptoms and to identify any cases of delayed onset. Two drivers were still cases at 6 months (neurotic depression and phobic state), no driver presented with PTSD at 6 months. At 6 months there was a significant drop in symptom scores compared with measures taken at 1 month. These results suggest that although approximately one-third of drivers suffered a severe psychological reaction following a railway suicide, when interviewed again 6 months after the incident most drivers reported a marked reduction in symptoms.
每年大约有90名伦敦地铁司机经历有人在他们列车前跳下或跌落的情况。这些事件中的大多数是自杀或自杀未遂。为了评估对这些事件的反应范围，对76名司机进行了访谈。使用了以下心理测量工具：现况检查（PSE9）；创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）访谈；一般健康问卷（GHQ - 28）；事件影响量表（IES）；创伤后症状量表；近期困难/事件量表；感知压力量表和艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）。在事件发生1个月后接受访谈时，13名（17.11%）司机出现创伤后应激障碍。除创伤后应激障碍外的其他诊断，如神经症性抑郁和恐惧状态，在24名（31.58%）司机中存在（包括13名创伤后应激障碍病例中的12名有一项额外诊断）。根据诊断结果，确定了三组：第1组司机患有创伤后应激障碍，大多数情况下还有一项额外的现况检查诊断；第2组司机只有现况检查诊断；第3组司机不是病例。在事件发生6个月后，再次对56名司机进行访谈，以评估病例状态和/或症状的持续时间，并确定是否有延迟发作的病例。6个月时仍有两名司机是病例（神经症性抑郁和恐惧状态），6个月时没有司机出现创伤后应激障碍。与1个月时的测量结果相比，6个月时症状评分显著下降。这些结果表明，尽管大约三分之一的司机在铁路自杀事件后遭受了严重的心理反应，但在事件发生6个月后再次接受访谈时，大多数司机报告症状明显减轻。
