Wainer Jo
Monash University School of Rural Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Aust J Rural Health. 2004 Apr;12(2):49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1038-5282.2004.00557.x.
To identify the impact of family life on the ways women practice rural medicine and the changes needed to attract women to rural practice.
Census of women rural doctors in Victoria in 2000, using a self-completed postal survey.
General and specialist practice.
Two hundred and seventy-one female general practitioners and 31 female specialists practising in Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area Classifications 3-7. General practitioners are those doctors with a primary medical degree and without additional specialist qualifications.
Interaction of hours and type of work with family responsibilities.
Generalist and specialist women rural doctors carry the main responsibility for family care. This is reflected in the number of hours they work in clinical and non-clinical professional practice, availability for on-call and hospital work, and preference for the responsibilities of practice partnership or the flexibility of salaried positions. Most of the doctors had established a satisfactory balance between work and family responsibilities, although a substantial number were overworked in order to provide an income for their families or meet the needs of their communities. Thirty-six percent of female rural general practitioners and 56% of female rural specialists preferred to work fewer hours. Female general practitioners with responsibility for children were more than twice as likely as female general practitioners without children to be in a salaried position and less likely to be a practice partner. The changes needed to attract and retain women in rural practice include a place for everyone in the doctor's family, flexible practice structures, mentoring by women doctors and financial and personal recognition.
Women make up less than a quarter of the rural general practice workforce and an even smaller percentage of the specialist rural medical workforce. As a result their experiences are not well articulated in research on rural medical practice and their needs are not well represented in policies and programs for rural doctors. The incoming cohort of rural general practitioners has a majority of women and it is essential that the practice styles and needs of women doctors are understood in order to attract and retain women in rural medicine. This survey identifies some of the effects of family responsibilities on the work practices of female rural doctors and the changes needed to the structure of rural practice to include the way women work.
确定家庭生活对女性从事乡村医疗方式的影响，以及吸引女性从事乡村医疗所需做出的改变。
2000年对维多利亚州乡村女医生进行普查，采用自行填写的邮政调查问卷。
全科及专科医疗。
271名女性全科医生和31名在乡村、偏远及大城市3 - 7类地区执业的女性专科医生。全科医生是指拥有初级医学学位且无额外专科资质的医生。
工作时长和工作类型与家庭责任之间的相互关系。
乡村女全科医生和女专科医生承担着家庭照料的主要责任。这体现在她们在临床和非临床专业工作中的时长、随叫随到及医院工作的可参与性，以及对执业伙伴职责或薪资职位灵活性的偏好上。大多数医生在工作和家庭责任之间建立了令人满意的平衡，尽管有相当一部分人为了给家庭提供收入或满足社区需求而过度劳累。36%的乡村女全科医生和56%的乡村女专科医生更倾向于减少工作时长。有子女需要照料的女性全科医生担任薪资职位的可能性是无子女女性全科医生的两倍多，而成为执业伙伴的可能性较小。吸引和留住女性从事乡村医疗所需的改变包括让医生家庭中的每个人都有一席之地、灵活的执业结构、女医生的指导以及经济和个人认可。
女性在乡村全科医疗劳动力中所占比例不到四分之一，在乡村专科医疗劳动力中所占比例更小。因此，她们的经历在乡村医疗实践研究中未得到充分阐述，她们的需求在乡村医生政策和项目中也未得到充分体现。即将入职的乡村全科医生队伍中女性占多数，为了吸引和留住女性从事乡村医疗，了解女医生的执业方式和需求至关重要。这项调查确定了家庭责任对乡村女医生工作实践的一些影响，以及乡村医疗结构需要做出的改变，以适应女性的工作方式。
