Chan Daniel L
Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 2004 Feb;19(1):1-5. doi: 10.1053/S1096-2867(03)00079-3.
The presence or development of malnutrition during critical illness has been unequivocally associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people. Recognition that malnutrition may similarly affect veterinary patients emphasizes the need to properly address the nutritional requirements of hospitalized dogs and cats. Because of a lack in veterinary studies evaluating the nutritional requirements of critically ill small animals, current recommendations for nutritional support of veterinary patients are based largely on sound clinical judgment and the best information available, including data from experimental animal models and human studies. This, however, should not discourage the veterinary practitioner from implementing nutritional support in critically ill patients. Similar to many supportive measures of critically ill patients, nutritional interventions can have a significant impact on patient morbidity and may even improve survival. The first step of nutritional support is to identify patients most likely to benefit from nutritional intervention. Careful assessment of the patient and appraisal of its nutritional needs provide the basis for a nutritional plan, which includes choosing the optimal route of nutritional support, determining the number of calories to provide, and determining the composition of the diet. Ultimately, the success of the nutritional management of critically ill dogs and cats will depend on close monitoring and frequent reassessment.
危重病期间营养不良的存在或发展已明确与人的发病率和死亡率增加相关。认识到营养不良可能同样影响兽医患者，这强调了妥善满足住院犬猫营养需求的必要性。由于缺乏评估危重新生小动物营养需求的兽医研究，目前对兽医患者营养支持的建议很大程度上基于合理的临床判断和现有最佳信息，包括来自实验动物模型和人类研究的数据。然而，这不应阻碍兽医从业者对危重病患者实施营养支持。与危重病患者的许多支持性措施类似，营养干预可对患者发病率产生重大影响，甚至可能提高生存率。营养支持的第一步是确定最可能从营养干预中受益的患者。对患者进行仔细评估并评估其营养需求，为营养计划提供基础，该计划包括选择最佳营养支持途径、确定提供的卡路里数量以及确定饮食组成。最终，危重病犬猫营养管理的成功将取决于密切监测和频繁重新评估。
