Johnson V P
Dept of OB/GYN, USD School of Medicine, Vermillion.
S D J Med. 1992 Jun;45(6):161-2.
Genome n. [gene plus chromosome] the complete set of chromosomes containing all of the genes of an organism. For man this set of 46 per cell stretches to a 6 foot strand of DNA. Within this string of 3 billion nucleotide bases are 100,000 genes. Utilizing a 4 letter alphabet (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine), genes provide the blueprint for the amino acid sequence of structural protein (cell membrane, connective tissue, etc) or functional protein (hormones, enzymes, transmitters, etc). DNA replication guarantees exact gene copies and chromosome meiosis and crossing over guarantees varied gene combinations. This forms the basis for the similarity and the diversity of all of humankind: the similarity needed to perpetuate successful genes and the diversity needed for genes to respond to the weeding out process of evolution.
基因组 名词。[基因加染色体] 包含生物体所有基因的整套染色体。对于人类而言，每个细胞中的这46条染色体伸展成一条6英尺长的DNA链。在这由30亿个核苷酸碱基组成的序列中，有10万个基因。基因利用一个由4种字母（腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶）组成的 “字母表”，为结构蛋白（细胞膜、结缔组织等）或功能蛋白（激素、酶、递质等）的氨基酸序列提供蓝图。DNA复制确保基因的精确拷贝，而染色体减数分裂和交叉互换则确保基因组合的多样性。这构成了全人类相似性和多样性的基础：延续成功基因所需的相似性以及基因应对进化淘汰过程所需的多样性。
