La Malfa G, Lassi S, Bertelli M, Salvini R, Placidi G F
Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Hospital of Careggi, Florence, Italy.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2004 Mar;48(Pt 3):262-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2003.00567.x.
In 1994, the American Association on Mental Retardation with the DSM-IV has come to a final definition of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), in agreement with the ICD-10. Prevalence of PDD in the general population is 0.1-0.15% according to the DSM-IV. PDD are more frequent in people with severe intellectual disability (ID). There is a strict relationship between ID and autism: 40% of people with ID also present a PDD, on the other hand, nearly 70% of people with PDD also have ID. We believe that in Italy PDD are underestimated because there is no agreement about the classification system and diagnostic instruments.
Our aim is to assess the prevalence of PDD in the Italian population with ID. The Scale of Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Mentally Retarded Persons (PDD-MRS) seems to be a very good instrument for classifying and diagnosing PDD.
The application of the PDD-MRS and a clinical review of every individual case on a sample of 166 Italian people with ID raised the prevalence of PDD in this population from 7.8% to 39.2%.
The study confirms the relationship between ID and autism and suggests a new approach in the study of ID in order to elaborate a new integrated model for people with ID.
1994年，美国智力迟钝协会与《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）达成了广泛性发育障碍（PDD）的最终定义，与《国际疾病分类》第十版（ICD-10）一致。根据DSM-IV，普通人群中PDD的患病率为0.1%-0.15%。PDD在重度智力残疾（ID）人群中更为常见。ID与自闭症之间存在密切关系：40%的ID患者也患有PDD，另一方面，近70%的PDD患者也有ID。我们认为在意大利，PDD被低估了，因为在分类系统和诊断工具方面没有达成共识。
我们的目的是评估意大利ID人群中PDD的患病率。智力迟钝者广泛性发育障碍量表（PDD-MRS）似乎是一种非常好的用于分类和诊断PDD的工具。
对166名意大利ID患者样本应用PDD-MRS并对每个个体病例进行临床复查后，该人群中PDD的患病率从7.8%提高到了39.2%。
该研究证实了ID与自闭症之间的关系，并建议在ID研究中采用一种新方法，以便为ID患者制定一个新的综合模型。
