Richards Maryse H, Larson Reed, Miller Bobbi Viegas, Luo Zupei, Sims Belinda, Parrella David P, McCauley Cathy
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60626, USA.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2004 Mar;33(1):138-48. doi: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3301_13.
Contexts of risk for and protection from exposure to violence were identified and the relation of exposure to violence to delinquent behaviors and symptoms of trauma was examined. Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), the immediate daily experience of risky and protective contexts was examined. One hundred sixty-seven African American 6th-, 7th-, and 8th-grade children from urban neighborhoods carried watches and booklets for 1 week. Structural equation modeling supported the hypotheses that more time in risky contexts and less time in protective contexts was related to more exposure to violence. Exposure to violence partially mediated the relation of time in protective and risky contexts to delinquent behaviors, assessed with the Juvenile Delinquency Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist, and distress levels, assessed by a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) score.
确定了遭受暴力风险和免受暴力侵害的背景情况，并研究了暴力暴露与犯罪行为及创伤症状之间的关系。使用经验抽样法（ESM），对风险和保护背景下的即时日常经历进行了研究。167名来自城市社区的非裔美国6至8年级儿童佩戴手表和手册，为期1周。结构方程模型支持了以下假设：在风险背景下停留的时间越长，在保护背景下停留的时间越短，与遭受更多暴力暴露相关。暴力暴露部分介导了保护和风险背景下的时间与犯罪行为（通过青少年犯罪量表和儿童行为清单评估）以及痛苦程度（通过创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）评分评估）之间的关系。
