Szabó Erzsébet, Páska Csilla, Kaposi Novák Pál, Schaff Zsuzsa, Kiss András
2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Pathol Oncol Res. 2004;10(1):5-11. doi: 10.1007/BF02893401. Epub 2004 Mar 18.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major manifestation of primary liver cancer, is one of the most frequent and malignant diseases worldwide. Among other environmental factors, hepatitis viruses, as the hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses, are to be listed in the etiology of HCC. Both of these viruses cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from healthy carrier state to acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC. HBV and HCV are different viruses in structure: HBV contains a DNA genome which replicates through an RNA intermediate and requires an active viral reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase enzyme, while HCV is an RNA virus which has no RT activity and replicates on the cellular membrane by RNA replication. In this review we discuss how these two biologically diverse viruses use common pathways to induce hepatocarcinogenesis despite their significant structural and viral cycle differences. A summary is also given of several observable common and different features. Direct integration of HBV viral sequences into the host genome increases the genomic instability, which does not occur in HCV infection. However, viral proteins may directly play a significant role in the induction of carcinogenesis by both viruses.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是原发性肝癌的主要表现形式，是全球最常见且恶性程度最高的疾病之一。在诸多环境因素中，肝炎病毒，如乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV），被列入HCC的病因之中。这两种病毒都会引发广泛的临床表现，从健康携带者状态到急慢性肝炎、肝硬化和HCC。HBV和HCV在结构上是不同的病毒：HBV含有一个DNA基因组，通过RNA中间体进行复制，需要一种活性病毒逆转录酶（RT）聚合酶，而HCV是一种RNA病毒，没有RT活性，通过RNA复制在细胞膜上进行复制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这两种生物学特性不同的病毒尽管在结构和病毒周期上存在显著差异，但如何利用共同途径诱导肝癌发生。还总结了一些可观察到的共同和不同特征。HBV病毒序列直接整合到宿主基因组中会增加基因组不稳定性，而这在HCV感染中不会发生。然而，病毒蛋白可能在两种病毒诱导致癌过程中都直接发挥重要作用。
