Cozzolino Philip J, Staples Angela D, Meyers Lawrence S, Samboceti Jamie
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Mar;30(3):278-92. doi: 10.1177/0146167203260716.
Research supporting terror management theory has shown that participants facing their death (via mortality salience) exhibit more greed than do control participants. The present research attempts to distinguish mortality salience from other forms of mortality awareness. Specifically, the authors look to reports of near-death experiences and posttraumatic growth which reveal that many people who nearly die come to view seeking wealth and possession as empty and meaningless. Guided by these reports, a manipulation called death reflection was generated. In Study 1, highly extrinsic participants who experienced death reflection exhibited intrinsic behavior. In Study 2, the manipulation was validated, and in Study 3, death reflection and mortality salience manipulations were compared. Results showed that mortality salience led highly extrinsic participants to manifest greed, whereas death reflection again generated intrinsic, unselfish behavior. The construct of value orientation is discussed along with the contrast between death reflection manipulation and mortality salience.
支持恐惧管理理论的研究表明，面临死亡（通过死亡凸显）的参与者比对照组参与者表现出更多的贪婪。本研究试图将死亡凸显与其他形式的死亡意识区分开来。具体而言，作者参考了濒死体验和创伤后成长的报告，这些报告显示，许多濒死之人开始认为追求财富和占有是空洞且无意义的。在这些报告的指导下，产生了一种名为死亡反思的操作方法。在研究1中，经历死亡反思的高度外在导向的参与者表现出了内在行为。在研究2中，该操作方法得到了验证，而在研究3中，对死亡反思和死亡凸显操作方法进行了比较。结果显示，死亡凸显导致高度外在导向的参与者表现出贪婪，而死亡反思再次产生了内在的、无私的行为。文中还讨论了价值取向的结构以及死亡反思操作方法与死亡凸显之间的对比。
