Wang Bo, Brubaker Curt L, Burdon Jeremy J
CSIRO Plant Industry, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
Mycol Res. 2004 Jan;108(Pt 1):35-44. doi: 10.1017/s0953756203008803.
Fusarium isolates were extracted from stems and rhizosphere soils of 79 populations of four Gossypium species native to two regions of inland Australia in 2001. Six Fusarium species were isolated from 31 (3%) of the 919 stem samples. F. semitectum was predominant, occurring mostly in G. bickii populations and accounting for 81% of the isolates recovered. Twenty Fusarium species were isolated from 68 (87%) of the 78 composite soil samples, with F. solani (71%), F. compactum (8%), F. oxysporum (5%), F. graminearum (3%), and F. crookwellense (3%) being the most prevalent. Significant differences in the relative densities indicated that F. solani was more common in the soil from G. sturtianum populations than from G. bickii populations, and that F. crookwellense was more common in South Australian soils than in Queensland and Northern Territory soils. Fusarium oxysporum had a relatively greater relative density in the rhizosphere soils of G. australe plants than in that of sympatrically growing G. sturtianum plants. Fifteen (17%) of the 89 F. oxrysporum isolates produced typical Fusarium wilt symptoms on cultivated cotton (G. hirsutum cv. 'Siokra 1-4'), therefore they were classified as wild Fov. Soil samples collected from G. sturtianum populations in the Arkaroola-Leigh Creek region in South Australia had the highest incidence of wild Fov (24%). Two wild Fov isolates were similar in virulence to a cotton field Fov isolate in the glasshouse experiments, indicating that they could incite Fusarium wilt disease in cotton fields. The presence of wild Fov in native Gossypium populations suggests that the Fov occurring in Australian cotton fields may be of indigenous origins.
2001年，从澳大利亚内陆两个地区的4种棉属植物的79个种群的茎和根际土壤中提取了镰刀菌分离株。从919个茎样本中的31个（3%）分离出6种镰刀菌。半裸镰刀菌占主导地位，主要出现在比克氏棉种群中，占分离株的81%。从78个复合土壤样本中的68个（87%）分离出20种镰刀菌，其中茄病镰刀菌（71%）、紧密镰刀菌（8%）、尖孢镰刀菌（5%）、禾谷镰刀菌（3%）和克鲁克韦尔镰刀菌（3%）最为常见。相对密度的显著差异表明，茄病镰刀菌在斯特蒂棉种群的土壤中比在比克氏棉种群的土壤中更常见，而克鲁克韦尔镰刀菌在南澳大利亚的土壤中比在昆士兰和北领地的土壤中更常见。尖孢镰刀菌在澳大利亚棉根际土壤中的相对密度比在同域生长的斯特蒂棉植物根际土壤中的相对密度相对更高。89个尖孢镰刀菌分离株中的15个（17%）在栽培棉花（陆地棉品种‘Siokra 1-4’）上产生了典型的枯萎病症状，因此它们被归类为野生尖孢镰刀菌萎蔫专化型。从南澳大利亚阿卡罗拉-利溪地区的斯特蒂棉种群采集的土壤样本中野生尖孢镰刀菌萎蔫专化型的发生率最高（24%）。在温室试验中，两个野生尖孢镰刀菌萎蔫专化型分离株的毒力与棉田尖孢镰刀菌萎蔫专化型分离株相似，表明它们可以在棉田中引发枯萎病。野生尖孢镰刀菌萎蔫专化型在原生棉属种群中的存在表明，澳大利亚棉田中出现的尖孢镰刀菌萎蔫专化型可能起源于本土。
