Gruber Christian J, Gruber Doris M, Gruber Isabel M L, Wieser Fritz, Huber Johannes C
Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna Medical School, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Mar;15(2):73-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2004.01.008.
Estrogens exert their regulatory potential on gene expression through different nuclear and non-nuclear mechanisms. A direct nuclear approach is the interaction of estrogen with specific target sequences of DNA, estrogen response elements (ERE) or units. EREs can be grouped into perfect and imperfect palindromic sequences with the imperfect sequences differing from the consensus sequence in one or more nucleotides and being less responsive to the activated estrogen-estrogen receptor (ER) complex. Differences in the ERE sequence and the ER subtype involved can substantially alter ER-ERE interaction. In addition, cross-talk between ERs and other nuclear transcription factors profoundly influences gene expression. Here, we focus on the recent advances in the understanding of the structure of EREs and how ERs are recruited to these. Identifying known target genes for estrogen action could help us to understand the potential risks and benefits of the administration of this steroid to humans.
雌激素通过不同的核机制和非核机制发挥其对基因表达的调节作用。直接的核途径是雌激素与DNA的特定靶序列、雌激素反应元件（ERE）或单元相互作用。ERE可分为完美回文序列和不完美回文序列，不完美序列在一个或多个核苷酸上与共有序列不同，对活化的雌激素-雌激素受体（ER）复合物的反应性较低。ERE序列和所涉及的ER亚型的差异可显著改变ER-ERE相互作用。此外，ER与其他核转录因子之间的相互作用深刻影响基因表达。在此，我们重点关注对ERE结构的理解以及ER如何被招募到这些序列上的最新进展。确定雌激素作用的已知靶基因有助于我们了解向人类施用这种类固醇的潜在风险和益处。
