[Spontaneous orbital hematoma in an adult. A case report].

Spontaneous orbital hematoma is uncommon, especially in adults. It produces proptosis which progress rapidly and is often associated with ocular movement disturbance. The Authors report a case of spontaneous orbital hematoma in a 45-year-old woman, who had had no previous disease and had experienced sudden onset diplopia associated with moderate proptosis and pain in her right orbit. The diagnosis of orbital hematoma was made by computed tomographic scan. Further investigations revealed arterial hypertension. After a needle aspiration of this hematoma, proptosis resolved, ocular movement began to improve as well as visual acuity. Orbital hematoma revealing arterial hypertension is exceptional. It could be associated with ocular and orbital complications that lead the patient to consult an ophthalmologist. The diagnosis is based essentially on radiology. The other causes of orbital process, inflammation, tumor or vascular malformation, should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Therapeutic management could require surgical evacuation when visual function is compromised (compressive optic neuropathy).