Ahmad Iqbal, Pacheco M, Santos M A
Animal Physiology/Ecotoxicology Sector, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2004 Mar;57(3):290-302. doi: 10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00080-0.
Anguilla anguilla L. were caged for 8 and 48 h in harbor water of Aveiro Lagoon, Portugal. Respiratory burst activity (RBA) of peritoneal, head kidney, and gill phagocytes was measured. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was estimated in gill, kidney, and liver. Liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, cytochrome P450 (Cyt P450) content, and bile metabolites were assayed. Various antioxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase and nonenzymatic antioxidant, viz., total reduced glutathione were also studied. Harbor water xenobiotics induced a significant RBA increase in gill after 8 h; whereas in peritoneum and head kidney it increased after 48 h exposure. These responses were adversely associated with tissue-specific peroxidative damage since significant LPO increase was observed in gill (8 and 48 h), kidney (48 h), and liver (48 h). The tissue most affected was gill. Moreover, liver EROD activity, Cyt P450 content and bile metabolites remain unaltered after 8 h; in contrast, 48 h exposure showed significant EROD activity decrease and pyrene-type bile metabolites increase. Decreased EROD activity may be associated with concomitant liver damage, as increased LPO was observed after 48 h. Furthermore, the tissue-specific damage corresponded to the differences in the antioxidant potentials of the tissues, since the initial exposure period caused a significant increase in liver antioxidant activities, whereas gill and kidney showed a significant decrease, demonstrating that liver is highly adaptive to oxidative damage. However, at 48 h exposure gill, kidney, and liver showed a suppressive antioxidant effect, probably due to PAHs, since a significant induction at PAH-type bile metabolites has been seen. Our results demonstrate that phagocyte activation and associated peroxidative damage are concomitantly corroborated with enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity differences. In addition, hepatic antioxidant induction after short-term exposure may serve as a potent biomarker for water pollutants in fish.
将欧洲鳗鲡置于葡萄牙阿威罗泻湖的港口水中分别饲养8小时和48小时。检测了腹膜、头肾和鳃吞噬细胞的呼吸爆发活性（RBA）。评估了鳃、肾脏和肝脏中的脂质过氧化（LPO）情况。检测了肝脏乙氧基异吩唑酮 - O - 脱乙基酶（EROD）活性、细胞色素P450（Cyt P450）含量及胆汁代谢产物。还研究了各种抗氧化酶，即谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽S - 转移酶，以及非酶抗氧化剂，即总还原型谷胱甘肽。港口水中的外源性物质在8小时后导致鳃中RBA显著增加；而在腹膜和头肾中，暴露48小时后RBA增加。这些反应与组织特异性过氧化损伤呈负相关，因为在鳃（8小时和48小时）、肾脏（48小时）和肝脏（48小时）中观察到LPO显著增加。受影响最大的组织是鳃。此外，肝脏EROD活性、Cyt P450含量和胆汁代谢产物在8小时后保持不变；相反，暴露48小时后显示EROD活性显著降低，芘型胆汁代谢产物增加。EROD活性降低可能与肝脏损伤有关，因为在48小时后观察到LPO增加。此外，组织特异性损伤与组织抗氧化潜力的差异相对应，因为最初的暴露期导致肝脏抗氧化活性显著增加，而鳃和肾脏则显著降低，表明肝脏对氧化损伤具有高度适应性。然而，在暴露48小时时，鳃、肾脏和肝脏表现出抗氧化抑制作用，可能是由于多环芳烃，因为已观察到多环芳烃型胆汁代谢产物有显著诱导。我们的结果表明，吞噬细胞激活和相关的过氧化损伤与酶促和非酶促抗氧化活性差异同时得到证实。此外短期暴露后肝脏抗氧化诱导可能作为鱼类水污染物的有效生物标志物。
