Santos M A, Pacheco M, Ahmad Iqbal
Animal Physiology/Ecotoxicology Sector, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Environ Int. 2004 May;30(3):301-8. doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00178-8.
This study assesses the antioxidant enzymes activities viz., catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and nonenzymatic antioxidant molecule such as glutathione in Anguilla anguilla L. gill, kidney and liver in response to 8- and 48-h exposure to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKPME). A. anguilla were caged and plunged at three different sites-50 (Site 1), 100 (Site 2) and 2000 m (Site 3) away from the closed BKPME outlet. A significant gill (8 and 48 h) and kidney (48 h) catalase activity decrease was observed at site 2 exposure whereas liver showed a significant increase in catalase activity after 8 and 48 h to site 1 exposure. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was significantly decreased in gill after 8-h exposure to site 1 and 48-h exposures to sites 1 and 2, respectively. Concerning gill, kidney and liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, a significant gill GST activity decrease after 8 h at site 2 and 48 h at sites 1 and 2 was observed; in kidney, a significant decrease in its activity was observed after 48 h at sites 1 and 2, respectively, whereas in liver, the decrease was significant only at site 2 after 48-h exposure. The in situ BKPME exposure caused a significant total gill and kidney reduced glutathione (GSH) decrease after 8 h at site 2 exposure and after 48 h at site 1 and 2 exposures, respectively. However, a biphasic response was observed in liver, i.e. initial significant increase after 8 h at site 2 followed by a significant decrease after 48 h to the same site exposure. The enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants pattern in gill and kidney, as observed in this study, was different than liver, demonstrating that the liver was more resistant to oxidative damage than gill and kidney. In addition, A. anguilla gill, kidney and liver antioxidants adaptation potentials may serve as a surrogate biomarker to BKPME exposure.
本研究评估了欧洲鳗鲡鳃、肾脏和肝脏中过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽S - 转移酶等抗氧化酶的活性,以及谷胱甘肽等非酶抗氧化分子的活性,以探究其在暴露于漂白硫酸盐浆厂废水(BKPME)8小时和48小时后的变化情况。将欧洲鳗鲡置于网箱中,并投放于距离关闭的BKPME排放口三个不同位置——50米(地点1)、100米(地点2)和2000米(地点3)处。在地点2暴露时,观察到鳃(8小时和48小时)和肾脏(48小时)的过氧化氢酶活性显著降低,而在地点1暴露8小时和48小时后,肝脏的过氧化氢酶活性显著增加。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性在暴露于地点1 8小时后以及分别暴露于地点1和地点2 48小时后,鳃中的活性显著降低。关于鳃、肾脏和肝脏中的谷胱甘肽S - 转移酶(GST)活性,在地点2暴露8小时后以及地点1和地点2暴露48小时后,鳃中的GST活性显著降低;在肾脏中,分别在地点1和地点2暴露48小时后,其活性显著降低,而在肝脏中,仅在暴露48小时后地点2处的活性降低显著。原位暴露于BKPME后,在地点2暴露8小时后以及地点1和地点2暴露48小时后,鳃和肾脏中的总还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)显著降低。然而,在肝脏中观察到双相反应,即在地点2暴露8小时后最初显著增加,随后在同一地点暴露48小时后显著降低。本研究中观察到,鳃和肾脏中的酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂模式与肝脏不同,表明肝脏比鳃和肾脏对氧化损伤更具抗性。此外,欧洲鳗鲡鳃、肾脏和肝脏的抗氧化剂适应潜力可作为暴露于BKPME的替代生物标志物。