Connor Margaret J
Graduate School of Nursing and Midwifery, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Nurs Philos. 2004 Apr;5(1):54-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-769X.2004.00152.x.
The concept of praxis, also known as the practical discourse in philosophy, has been expressed in different ways in different eras. However, the linkages from one era to another and from one paradigm to another are not well explicated in the nursing literature. Difficulties with translations of 'praxis' into 'practice' and the connotations of the word 'practical' in the English language and in nursing have influenced extrapolation of the linkages. More recently, further blurring of the linkages occurred from the popular association of praxis within the emancipatory paradigm. Integral to the concept of praxis, since the time of Aristotle, is the notion of phronesis: a process of moral reasoning enacted to establish the 'good' of a particular situation, often referred to as practical wisdom. The purposes of this paper are twofold. Firstly to demonstrate a number of linkages and shifts in the evolution of praxis. This, I believe, will enhance understanding of the multiple expressions of praxis in contemporary nursing. Secondly, to promote and affirm the importance of praxiological knowledge development in the discipline. Furthermore, increased appreciation of the concept of praxis provides an important vehicle for the advancement of nursing as a moral endeavour and the nurse as moral agent.
实践的概念，在哲学中也被称为实践话语，在不同时代有不同的表达方式。然而，护理文献中并未充分阐释从一个时代到另一个时代以及从一种范式到另一种范式之间的联系。将“praxis”翻译为“practice”时存在困难，以及英语语言和护理领域中“practical”一词的内涵，都影响了对这些联系的推断。最近，由于实践在解放范式中的普遍关联，这些联系进一步变得模糊不清。自亚里士多德时代起，实践概念的核心就是实践智慧的概念：一种道德推理过程，用于确立特定情境中的“善”，通常被称为实践智慧。本文的目的有两个。首先，展示实践演变过程中的一些联系和转变。我认为，这将增进对当代护理中实践多种表达方式的理解。其次，促进并肯定学科中实践学知识发展的重要性。此外，对实践概念的更多认识为将护理提升为一种道德事业以及将护士提升为道德主体提供了重要途径。
