Buffe P
Clinique ORL et chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Paris.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 1992 Mar;176(3):363-70; discussion 370-1.
The injuries induced by noise to auditory system affect above all the inner ear. Thus the hair cells forming the most fragile structures of the sensorial neuro-epithelium will suffer from hair disturbances. As a result these lesions will reduce hearing acuity and sensitivity leading to noise induced hearing loss. There are two types of hearing loss. The sudden hearing loss, called acute sonorous trauma, or the insidious one due to industrial-like noises. On the other hand, noisy environments may have some effects on the intelligibility known as effects on the recognition of speech. To conclude, the epidemiological studies carried on all sections of the population, including teen-agers, revealed a worrying yielding of their hearing performances, probably resulting from excessive level of noisy surroundings as supposed some years ago by Glorig.
噪声对听觉系统造成的损伤首先影响内耳。因此，构成感觉神经上皮最脆弱结构的毛细胞会受到毛细胞紊乱的影响。结果，这些损伤会降低听力敏锐度和敏感度，导致噪声性听力损失。听力损失有两种类型。一种是突然性听力损失，称为急性声创伤，另一种是由类似工业噪声导致的隐匿性听力损失。另一方面，嘈杂的环境可能会对语音清晰度产生一些影响，即对语音识别的影响。总之，对包括青少年在内的所有人群进行的流行病学研究表明，他们的听力表现令人担忧地下降，这可能是由于嘈杂环境的过度噪声水平所致，正如若干年前格洛里格所推测的那样。
