Jones F T, Richardson K E
Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
Poult Sci. 2004 Mar;83(3):384-91. doi: 10.1093/ps/83.3.384.
We collected 886 samples (68 feed ingredient samples, 189 dust samples, and 629 feed samples) from 3 feed mills each of which produced between 100,000 and 400,000 tons of feed a year. Samples were collected on 3 d (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday), during 2 seasons (early spring and summer), and between 0700 and 1700 h approximately once per hour. Samples were collected from 5 locations within each mill: ingredient receiving, at the mixer, at the pellet mill, from pellet coolers, and at load-out. Temperatures were taken of the samples obtained at the pellet mill immediately following collection. All samples were analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae counts (EC) and Salmonella. The data confirm that feed ingredients and dust can be a major source of Salmonella contamination in feed mills. There were no differences (P < 0.05) in the Salmonella contamination rates of samples collected in spring as compared with samples collected in summer. Salmonella contamination rates were observed to be higher in samples collected on Friday compared with samples collected on Monday or Wednesday, an effect that may be management related. Data collected at the pellet mill clearly illustrate the uneven distribution of Salmonella contamination in feed as well as the need for control of dust around the pellet mill. Feed samples (both mash and pellets) contaminated with Salmonella contained significantly higher EC than samples not contaminated with Salmonella. Thus, EC may provide some indication of the likelihood of Salmonella contamination in feed samples.
我们从3家饲料厂收集了886份样本（68份饲料原料样本、189份粉尘样本和629份饲料样本），每家饲料厂每年生产10万至40万吨饲料。样本在3天（周一、周三和周五）、2个季节（早春和夏季）收集，大约每小时一次，时间在0700至1700时之间。从每家工厂的5个位置收集样本：原料接收处、混合机处、制粒机处、颗粒冷却器处和装料处。收集后立即测量制粒机处获得的样本温度。所有样本均分析肠杆菌科计数（EC）和沙门氏菌。数据证实，饲料原料和粉尘可能是饲料厂沙门氏菌污染的主要来源。春季收集的样本与夏季收集的样本相比，沙门氏菌污染率没有差异（P<0.05）。观察到周五收集的样本中沙门氏菌污染率高于周一或周三收集的样本，这种影响可能与管理有关。在制粒机处收集的数据清楚地表明了饲料中沙门氏菌污染分布不均，以及控制制粒机周围粉尘的必要性。被沙门氏菌污染的饲料样本（粉料和颗粒料）的EC显著高于未被沙门氏菌污染的样本。因此，EC可能为饲料样本中沙门氏菌污染的可能性提供一些指示。
