Cleves Mario A, Hobbs Charlotte A, Collins H Breck, Andrews Nancy, Smith Laura N, Robbins James M
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202-3591, USA.
Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Apr;103(4):746-53. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000117084.02395.a0.
Many health professional groups recommend folic acid supplementation for all women able to become pregnant. In this study, we document folic acid supplement use among a sample of women receiving routine gynecologic care.
A short questionnaire was administered to 322 women aged 18-45 years who were seeking routine gynecologic care at participating clinics in Little Rock, Arkansas. Questions covered knowledge and use of folic acid supplements, pregnancy intention, and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Primary study outcomes were self-reported folic acid awareness, daily or weekly use of folic acid supplements, and intention to begin taking folic acid. Factors affecting study outcomes were examined individually by computing crude odd ratios and adjusted for other covariates using unconditional logistic regression.
Although 61.8% of women reported awareness of the association between folic acid and birth defects prevention, only 27.1% of these women, and 22.7% of all study participants, reported daily use of a folic acid supplement. Substantially more women (39.8%) were taking a folic acid supplement at least once per week. Age, race, educational level, folic acid awareness, marital status, pregnancy intent, and other preventive health behaviors were the most important predictors of compliance.
The results indicate a need for targeted interventions directed toward minority women, young women, and those of lower socioeconomic and educational status. The routine gynecologic visit is an ideal opportunity to counsel women of reproductive age to take folic acid daily.
III
许多健康专业团体建议所有有怀孕能力的女性补充叶酸。在本研究中，我们记录了接受常规妇科护理的女性样本中叶酸补充剂的使用情况。
对322名年龄在18 - 45岁、在阿肯色州小石城参与研究的诊所寻求常规妇科护理的女性进行了简短问卷调查。问题涵盖叶酸补充剂的知识和使用情况、怀孕意愿以及人口统计学和社会经济特征。主要研究结果是自我报告的叶酸知晓情况、每日或每周使用叶酸补充剂的情况以及开始服用叶酸的意愿。通过计算粗比值比单独检查影响研究结果的因素，并使用无条件逻辑回归对其他协变量进行调整。
尽管61.8%的女性报告知晓叶酸与预防出生缺陷之间的关联，但这些女性中只有27.1%，以及所有研究参与者中的22.7%报告每日使用叶酸补充剂。更多女性（39.8%）每周至少服用一次叶酸补充剂。年龄、种族、教育水平、叶酸知晓情况、婚姻状况、怀孕意愿以及其他预防性健康行为是依从性的最重要预测因素。
结果表明需要针对少数族裔女性、年轻女性以及社会经济和教育地位较低的女性进行有针对性的干预。常规妇科就诊是为育龄女性提供每日服用叶酸咨询的理想时机。
III
