Tholstrup Tine, Ehnholm Christian, Jauhiainen Matti, Petersen Martin, Høy Carl-Erik, Lund Pia, Sandström Brittmarie
Research Department of Human Nutrition, Center of Advanced Food Research, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):564-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.4.564.
Dietary medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are of nutritional interest because they are more easily absorbed from dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) than are long-chain fatty acids from, for example, vegetable oils. It has generally been claimed that MCFAs do not increase plasma cholesterol, although this claim is poorly documented.
We compared the effects of a diet rich in either MCFAs or oleic acid on fasting blood lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, and lipid transfer protein activities in healthy men.
In a study with a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, 17 healthy young men replaced part of their habitual dietary fat intake with 70 g MCTs (66% 8:0 and 34% 10:0) or high-oleic sunflower oil (89.4% 18:1). Each intervention period lasted 21 d, and the 2 periods were separated by a washout period of 2 wk. Blood samples were taken before and after the intervention periods.
Compared with the intake of high-oleic sunflower oil, MCT intake resulted in 11% higher plasma total cholesterol (P = 0.0005), 12% higher LDL cholesterol (P = 0.0001), 32% higher VLDL cholesterol (P = 0.080), a 12% higher ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol (P = 0.002), 22% higher plasma total triacylglycerol (P = 0.0361), and higher plasma glucose (P = 0.033). Plasma HDL-cholesterol and insulin concentrations and activities of cholesterol ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein did not differ significantly between the diets.
Compared with fat high in oleic acid, MCT fat unfavorably affected lipid profiles in healthy young men by increasing plasma LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol. No changes in the activities of phospholipid transfer protein and cholesterol ester transfer protein were evident.
膳食中链脂肪酸（MCFAs）具有营养意义，因为它们比植物油等中的长链脂肪酸更容易从膳食中链甘油三酯（MCTs）中吸收。一般认为，MCFAs不会升高血浆胆固醇，尽管这一说法缺乏充分的文献记录。
我们比较了富含MCFAs或油酸的饮食对健康男性空腹血脂、脂蛋白、葡萄糖、胰岛素和脂质转运蛋白活性的影响。
在一项采用双盲、随机、交叉设计的研究中，17名健康年轻男性用70克MCTs（66% 8:0和34% 10:0）或高油酸葵花籽油（89.4% 18:1）替代了部分日常膳食脂肪摄入量。每个干预期持续21天，两个阶段之间有2周的洗脱期。在干预期前后采集血样。
与高油酸葵花籽油摄入量相比，MCT摄入量导致血浆总胆固醇升高11%（P = 0.0005），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高12%（P = 0.0001），极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高32%（P = 0.080），低密度脂蛋白与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比值升高12%（P = 0.002），血浆总甘油三酯升高22%（P = 0.0361），血浆葡萄糖升高（P = 0.033）。两种饮食之间血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和胰岛素浓度以及胆固醇酯转运蛋白和磷脂转运蛋白的活性没有显著差异。
与高油酸脂肪相比，MCT脂肪通过增加血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯，对健康年轻男性的血脂谱产生不利影响。磷脂转运蛋白和胆固醇酯转运蛋白的活性没有明显变化。
