Departments of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Departments of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
J Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;149(3):471-478. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy307.
Novel oils high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are an alternative to partially hydrogenated oils high in trans-unsaturated fatty acids. There is widespread use of high-MUFA oils across the food industry; however, limited knowledge of their cardiovascular impact exists.
We investigated the effects of diets containing canola oil, high-oleic acid canola oil (HOCO), and a control oil blend (diet formulated to emulate a Western fat profile) on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins (apos), as secondary outcomes of the trial.
In a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, 3-period crossover, controlled feeding trial, men (n = 44) and women (n = 75) with a mean age of 44 y, mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) of 31.7, and an increased waist circumference plus ≥1 metabolic syndrome criteria consumed prepared, weight-maintenance diets containing canola oil [17.5% MUFAs, 9.2% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), 6.6% SFAs], HOCO (19.1% MUFAs, 7.0% PUFAs, 6.4% SFAs), or control oil (10.5% MUFAs, 10.0% PUFAs, 12.3% SFAs) for 6 wk with ≥4-wk washouts. Fasting serum lipids were assessed at baseline and 6 wk. Diet effects were examined using a repeated measures mixed model.
Compared with the control, canola and HOCO diets resulted in lower endpoint total cholesterol (TC; -4.2% and -3.4%; P < 0.0001), LDL cholesterol (-6.6% and -5.6%; P < 0.0001), apoB (-3.7% and -3.4%; P = 0.002), and non-HDL cholesterol (-4.5% and -4.0%; P = 0.001), with no differences between canola diets. The TC:HDL cholesterol and apoB:apoA1 ratios were lower after the HOCO diet than after the control diet (-3.7% and -3.4%, respectively). There were no diet effects on triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, or apoA1 concentrations.
HOCO, with increased MUFAs at the expense of decreased PUFAs, elicited beneficial effects on lipids and lipoproteins comparable to conventional canola oil and consistent with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in adults with central adiposity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02029833.
富含单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、低饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的新型油脂是反式不饱和脂肪酸含量高的部分氢化油的替代品。高 MUFA 油在食品工业中得到广泛应用，但对其心血管影响的了解有限。
我们研究了菜籽油、高油酸菜籽油（HOCO）和对照油混合物（配方旨在模拟西方脂肪特征）饮食对血脂、脂蛋白和载脂蛋白（apo）的影响，这是试验的次要结果。
在一项多中心、双盲、随机、3 期交叉对照喂养试验中，年龄在 44 岁左右的男性（n=44）和女性（n=75），平均体重指数（BMI；以 kg/m2计）为 31.7，腰围增加且符合≥1 项代谢综合征标准的人群，食用了经过制备的、维持体重的饮食，其中含有菜籽油[17.5%MUFA、9.2%多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、6.6%SFA]、HOCO（19.1%MUFA、7.0%PUFA、6.4%SFA）或对照油（10.5%MUFA、10.0%PUFA、12.3%SFA），持续 6 周，洗脱期≥4 周。在基线和 6 周时评估禁食血清脂质。使用重复测量混合模型检查饮食效果。
与对照组相比，菜籽油和 HOCO 饮食导致终点总胆固醇（TC；-4.2%和-3.4%；P<0.0001）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C；-6.6%和-5.6%；P<0.0001）、载脂蛋白 B（apoB；-3.7%和-3.4%；P=0.002）和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（-4.5%和-4.0%；P=0.001）降低，菜籽油饮食之间无差异。与对照组相比，HOCO 饮食后 TC:HDL 胆固醇和 apoB:apoA1 比值降低（分别为-3.7%和-3.4%）。饮食对甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇或载脂蛋白 A1 浓度无影响。
HOCO 以减少多不饱和脂肪酸为代价增加 MUFA，对血脂和脂蛋白产生有益影响，与成年人中心性肥胖相关的心血管疾病风险降低相当。该试验在 www.clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT02029833。
