Moore Charleen M, Brown C Mackenzie
Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
Anat Rec B New Anat. 2004 Mar;277(1):14-20. doi: 10.1002/ar.b.20005.
Part 1 of this two-part series highlighted tensions between the anatomical quest for scientific knowledge about the human interior and artistic representations of the anatomized body, contrasting the roles of Goethe's scientific Prosektor and humanistic Proplastiker-roles disturbingly fused in Gunther von Hagens. Part 2 first examines religious interpretations of the human body that fuel the tensions manifest in anatomy art. The body in Western cultures is a sacred text amenable to interpretation as handiwork of God, habitation for the soul, and vehicle for resurrection. As handiwork of God the body beckons the anatomist's scalpel, helping establish dissection as the hallmark of Western medicine. The body as divinely designed machine encompasses the idea of an indwelling soul expressing its will in actions mediated through the intricate network of muscles-an understanding reflected in the oft occurring muscle men of early anatomical textbooks. Interconnections of body and soul in medieval somatic spirituality are examined with reference to ideas of resurrection and their impact on anatomical illustration. Part 2 concludes with consideration of von Hagens as priest and prophet, culminating in the Promethean impulse that recognizes not God but ourselves as proper owners and molders of our destiny, embodied in the plastinator's visionary quest to create the superhuman.
这个两部分系列的第一部分强调了对人体内部科学知识的解剖探索与解剖后身体的艺术表现之间的紧张关系，对比了歌德笔下科学解剖学家和人文修复师的角色——在冈瑟·冯·哈根斯身上，这两种角色令人不安地融合在一起。第二部分首先审视了对人体的宗教解读，正是这些解读加剧了解剖艺术中所体现的紧张关系。西方文化中的人体是一部神圣的文本，可被解读为上帝的杰作、灵魂的居所和复活的载体。作为上帝的杰作，人体吸引了解剖学家的手术刀，有助于将解剖确立为西方医学的标志。人体作为由神设计的机器，包含了一种内在灵魂的观念，这种灵魂通过错综复杂的肌肉网络在行动中表达其意志——这种理解反映在早期解剖学教科书里经常出现的肌肉男形象中。文中参照复活的观念及其对解剖学插图的影响，探讨了中世纪躯体灵性中身体与灵魂的相互联系。第二部分以将冯·哈根斯视为牧师和先知的思考作为结尾，最终体现为普罗米修斯式的冲动，即认为我们自己而非上帝才是命运的真正主宰者和塑造者，这体现在塑化师创造超人的幻想追求中。
