Savoca Margaret R, Miller Carla K, Ludwig David A
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Apr;104(4):560-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.013.
To investigate the food habits of people with type 2 diabetes and to identify those habits related to glycemic control.
The purposive sampling plan targeted people (40 to 65 years old) living in two urban communities in the Southeastern United States with type 2 diabetes for >1 year (60% women, 50% African Americans and low-income individuals). In-depth interviews were used to identify food habits. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) was measured to assess glycemic control.
The final sample contained 89 participants (62% women, 48% African American, and 43% below 200% of the poverty level).
Analysis of variance, principal component/factor analysis, cluster analysis, and multiple regression were used to relate food habits to glycemic control.
A four-factor solution derived from 15 food habits explained 51.5% of the total variance in HbA(1c) values. High factor scores for three factors (Basic Eating Practices, Meal Planning, and Carbohydrate/Vegetable Strategies) and low factor scores for a fourth factor (Challenges of Dining Out) were related to lower HbA(1c) values. Based on similar patterns across the 15 food habits, participants were clustered into four groupings. The clusters differing on HbA(1c) (mean+/-standard deviation) were Healthful Eating Lifestyle (6.25+/-0.25), Disciplined Eating Approach (7.31+/-0.35), Limited Dietary Focus (8.28+/-0.33), and Poor Dietary Management (9.05+/-0.24). These groupings reflected different food habit factor profiles.
Knowledge of the specific food habits of people with diabetes can offer a way to structure a meaningful dialog with clients about dietary self-management and guide the collaborative development of relevant dietary goals.
调查2型糖尿病患者的饮食习惯，并确定与血糖控制相关的饮食习惯。
采用立意抽样计划，目标人群为居住在美国东南部两个城市社区、患有2型糖尿病超过1年的40至65岁人群（60%为女性，50%为非裔美国人且为低收入个体）。通过深入访谈确定饮食习惯。测量糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）以评估血糖控制情况。
最终样本包含89名参与者（62%为女性，48%为非裔美国人，43%处于贫困线200%以下）。
采用方差分析、主成分/因子分析、聚类分析和多元回归分析来关联饮食习惯与血糖控制。
从15种饮食习惯中得出的四因素解决方案解释了HbA1c值总方差的51.5%。三个因素（基本饮食行为、膳食计划和碳水化合物/蔬菜策略）的高因子得分以及第四个因素（外出就餐的挑战）的低因子得分与较低的HbA1c值相关。基于15种饮食习惯的相似模式，参与者被分为四组。在HbA1c（均值±标准差）方面存在差异的聚类为健康饮食生活方式（6.25±0.25）、自律饮食方式（7.31±0.35）、有限饮食关注（8.28±0.33）和不良饮食管理（9.05±0.24）。这些分组反映了不同的饮食习惯因素概况。
了解糖尿病患者的具体饮食习惯可以为与患者就饮食自我管理进行有意义的对话提供一种方式，并指导相关饮食目标的协同制定。
