Recognition and fluorescence sensing of specific amino acid residue on protein surface using designed molecules.

Many biological processes are mediated by surface recognition between proteins. Small molecules that recognize and bind a specific region of a protein surface may be promising agents for disrupting certain protein-protein surface interactions, which consequently leads to regulation of cellar functions. This article describes our recent efforts toward the development of the designed small molecules, which can recognize histidine or phosphorylated amino acid residues on peptide surfaces in a sequence-selective manner. These results demonstrate that cooperative metal-ligand interaction is powerful for tight and selective binding to the specific amino acid residues of proteins in aqueous medium.