Lee Chyh-Woei, Castells Mariana C
Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Allergy Asthma Proc. 2004 Jan-Feb;25(1):23-6.
The incidence of generalized reactions during anesthesia has been reported to range from 1 in 5000 to 1 in 25,000 cases with a mortality rate of up to 6%. The most common causes are neuromuscular blocking agents, latex, and antibiotics. Identification of the offending agent may be difficult because multiple medications are administered over a short period. Furthermore, up to 40% of all generalized reactions during anesthesia are non-immunoglobulin E mediated and therefore can not be evaluated by skin testing. We report a case of perioperative anaphylaxis to cefazolin. Sensitization to cefazolin was determined through skin testing, and the patient underwent successful surgery subsequently with the avoidance of cefazolin.
据报道，麻醉期间全身反应的发生率在5000例中有1例至25000例中有1例，死亡率高达6%。最常见的原因是神经肌肉阻滞剂、乳胶和抗生素。由于在短时间内使用多种药物，确定致病药物可能很困难。此外，麻醉期间所有全身反应中高达40%是非免疫球蛋白E介导的，因此无法通过皮肤试验进行评估。我们报告一例围手术期对头孢唑林过敏的病例。通过皮肤试验确定了对头孢唑林的致敏情况，患者随后成功接受了手术，期间避免使用头孢唑林。
