McCartney Kathleen, Owen Margaret Tresch, Booth Cathryn L, Clarke-Stewart Alison, Vandell Deborah Lowe
Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004 May;45(4):765-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00270.x.
The purpose of the present study was to test a maternal attachment model of behavior problems in early childhood using phase I data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care, a prospective study of 1,364 children from birth through sixth grade.
Mothers' and caregivers' ratings of children's internalizing and externalizing problems at age three were regressed separately on a set of fifteen predictors that included security and disorganization scores from 15, 24, and 36 months using hierarchical and logistical modeling.
There were three main findings. First, Q-set mother-child attachment security, based on home observations at 24 months, provided the best evidence that attachment was associated with behavior problems, especially above-average levels of problems. Second, insecurity in the 36-month modified Strange Situation predicted mothers' and caregivers' ratings of internalizing problems for boys and girls as well as their ratings of externalizing problems for boys. Third, maternal depressive symptoms predicted mothers' ratings of internalizing and externalizing problems.
There are meaningful associations between attachment insecurity and behavior problems as assessed not only by mothers but also by caregivers.
本研究旨在利用美国国立儿童健康与人类发展研究所（NICHD）早期儿童保育研究的第一阶段数据，检验一个关于幼儿行为问题的母婴依恋模型。该研究是一项对1364名儿童从出生到六年级的前瞻性研究。
使用分层和逻辑模型，将母亲和照料者对三岁儿童内化和外化问题的评分分别与一组15个预测因素进行回归分析，这些预测因素包括15个月、24个月和36个月时的安全感和混乱度得分。
有三个主要发现。第一，基于24个月时家庭观察的Q分类母子依恋安全感，提供了依恋与行为问题相关的最佳证据，尤其是高于平均水平的问题。第二，36个月时改良陌生情境中的不安全感预测了母亲和照料者对男孩和女孩内化问题的评分，以及对男孩外化问题的评分。第三，母亲的抑郁症状预测了母亲对内化和外化问题的评分。
不仅母亲，而且照料者评估的依恋不安全感与行为问题之间存在有意义的关联。
