McAdams Stephen, Chaigne Antoine, Roussarie Vincent
Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (SMTS-Ircam-CNRS), 1 place Igor Stravinsky, F-75004 Paris, France.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2004 Mar;115(3):1306-20. doi: 10.1121/1.1645855.
Sound can convey information about the materials composing an object that are often not directly available to the visual system. Material and geometric properties of synthesized impacted bars with a tube resonator were varied, their perceptual structure was inferred from multidimensional scaling of dissimilarity judgments, and the psychophysical relations between the two were quantified. Constant cross-section bars varying in mass density and viscoelastic damping coefficient were synthesized with a physical model in experiment 1. A two-dimensional perceptual space resulted, and the dimensions were correlated with the mechanical parameters after applying a power-law transformation. Variable cross-section bars varying in length and viscoelastic damping coefficient were synthesized in experiment 2 with two sets of lengths creating high- and low-pitched bars. In the low-pitched bars, there was a coupling between the bar and the resonator that modified the decay characteristics. Perceptual dimensions again corresponded to the mechanical parameters. A set of potential temporal, spectral, and spectrotemporal correlates of the auditory representation were derived from the signal. The dimensions related to mass density and bar length were correlated with the frequency of the lowest partial and are related to pitch perception. The correlate most likely to represent the viscoelastic damping coefficient across all three stimulus sets is a linear combination of a decay constant derived from the temporal envelope and the spectral center of gravity derived from a cochlear representation of the signal. These results attest to the perceptual salience of energy-loss phenomena in sound source behavior.
声音可以传达有关构成物体的材料的信息，而这些信息往往是视觉系统无法直接获取的。改变了带有管状谐振器的合成撞击棒的材料和几何属性，通过对差异判断进行多维标度来推断其感知结构，并对两者之间的心理物理关系进行了量化。在实验1中，使用物理模型合成了质量密度和粘弹性阻尼系数不同的等截面棒。得到了一个二维感知空间，在应用幂律变换后，这些维度与机械参数相关。在实验2中，合成了长度和粘弹性阻尼系数不同的变截面棒，两组长度分别产生了高音和低音棒。在低音棒中，棒与谐振器之间存在耦合，这改变了衰减特性。感知维度再次与机械参数相对应。从信号中导出了一组听觉表征的潜在时间、频谱和频谱时间相关因素。与质量密度和棒长度相关的维度与最低谐波的频率相关，并且与音高感知有关。在所有三个刺激组中最有可能代表粘弹性阻尼系数的相关因素是由时间包络导出的衰减常数和由信号的耳蜗表征导出的频谱重心的线性组合。这些结果证明了声源行为中能量损失现象的感知显著性。
