Wilder Robert P, Sethi Shikha
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Virginia, 545 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Suite 240, P.O. Box 801004, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1004, USA.
Clin Sports Med. 2004 Jan;23(1):55-81, vi. doi: 10.1016/S0278-5919(03)00085-1.
Approximately 50% of all sports injuries are secondary to overuse and result from repetitive microtrauma that causes local tissue damage. Injuries are most likely with changes in mode, intensity, or duration of training and can accumulate before symptoms appear. Intrinsic factors contributing to injuries are individual bio-mechanical abnormalities such as malalignments, muscle imbalance, inflexibility, weakness, and instability. Contributing extrinsic (avoidable) factors include poor technique, improper equipment, and improper changes in duration or frequency of activity. Injuries are often related to biomechanical abnormalities removed from the specific injury site, requiring evaluation of the entire kinetic chain. This article discusses common overuse injuries of the lower leg, ankle, and foot: tendinopathies, stress fractures, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, and shin splints.
所有运动损伤中约50%是由过度使用继发的，是由重复性微创伤导致局部组织损伤所致。训练方式、强度或持续时间发生变化时，受伤的可能性最大，且在症状出现之前损伤就可能已累积。导致损伤的内在因素是个体生物力学异常，如排列不齐、肌肉失衡、灵活性不足、力量薄弱和不稳定。促成损伤的外在（可避免）因素包括技术不佳、设备不当以及活动持续时间或频率的不当改变。损伤往往与远离特定损伤部位的生物力学异常有关，需要对整个动力链进行评估。本文讨论小腿、脚踝和足部常见的过度使用损伤：肌腱病、应力性骨折、慢性运动性骨筋膜室综合征和胫骨夹板。
