Basu Subhendu, Fenton Matthew J
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Univ. of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., MSTF-800, Baltimore, MD 21201-1192, USA.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004 May;286(5):L887-92. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00323.2003.
Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins have been shown to play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses in higher vertebrates. TLR proteins enable the host to recognize a large number of pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, viral RNA, CpG-containing DNA, and flagellin, among others. Engagement of TLR proteins leads to the upregulation of costimulatory molecules and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as reactive nitrogen and oxygen products. The role of TLR proteins in lung-associated pathologies such as airway hyperreactivity, allergic asthma, and tuberculosis is being intensively studied. This review summarizes many of the findings made to date on the roles of TLR proteins in a variety of lung diseases. Generally, TLR proteins serve a protective role in infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis. The progression of chronic inflammatory lung diseases, such as allergic asthma, can also be influenced by TLR-dependent responses.
Toll样受体（TLR）蛋白已被证明在高等脊椎动物的先天性和适应性免疫反应中都起着关键作用。TLR蛋白使宿主能够识别大量病原体相关分子模式，如细菌脂多糖、病毒RNA、含CpG的DNA和鞭毛蛋白等。TLR蛋白的激活会导致共刺激分子和促炎细胞因子以及活性氮和氧产物的上调。TLR蛋白在与肺部相关的病理状况（如气道高反应性、过敏性哮喘和肺结核）中的作用正在深入研究。这篇综述总结了迄今为止关于TLR蛋白在多种肺部疾病中作用的许多研究发现。一般来说，TLR蛋白在传染病（如肺结核）中起保护作用。慢性炎症性肺部疾病（如过敏性哮喘）的进展也可能受到TLR依赖性反应的影响。
