Galduróz J C F, Noto A R, Nappo S A, Carlini E A
Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2004 Apr;37(4):523-31. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000400009. Epub 2004 Mar 23.
The consumption of psychotropic drugs among Brazilian secondary school students was examined by comparing data from four surveys using a questionnaire adapted from the WHO's Program on Research and Reporting on the Epidemiology of Drug Dependence. Students filled out the form in their classrooms without the presence of teachers. The target population consisted of 10-18-year-old students (on average, 15,000 students responded to each survey) in Brazil's ten largest state capitals: Belém, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and São Paulo. Among the legal drugs, lifetime use (use at least once during life) of tobacco was increased in seven cities (the exceptions were Brasília, Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro). There was also a significant increase in frequent use of alcohol (six times or more per month) in 6 of the cities, from an average of 9.2% in 1987 to 15.0% in 1997. With respect to illegal drugs, there was a significant increase in lifetime use of marijuana (a 3-fold increase from 2.8% in 1987 to 7.6% in 1997). Cocaine use increased 4-fold over the survey period (0.5% in 1987 to 2.0% in 1997). Lifetime use of cocaine significantly increased in eight capitals (except Recife and Rio de Janeiro). However, frequent cocaine use increased in only three capitals (Belém, Fortaleza and Porto Alegre), from an average of 1.0% in 1987 to 3.6% in 1997. Lifetime use of medications such as anxiolytics and amphetamines increased 2-fold on average over the survey period. Comparing the four studies, the main conclusion is that there were significant increases in the frequencies for lifetime use, frequent use and heavy use of many drugs.
通过使用一份改编自世界卫生组织药物依赖流行病学研究与报告计划的问卷，对比四项调查的数据，对巴西中学生使用精神药物的情况进行了研究。学生们在没有教师在场的情况下在教室里填写表格。目标人群为巴西十个最大州首府（贝伦、贝洛奥里藏特、巴西利亚、库里蒂巴、福塔莱萨、阿雷格里港、累西腓、里约热内卢、萨尔瓦多和圣保罗）10至18岁的学生（平均每次调查有15000名学生回应）。在合法药物中，七个城市（巴西利亚、阿雷格里港和里约热内卢除外）烟草的终生使用率（一生中至少使用过一次）有所上升。六个城市中，每月饮酒六次或以上的频繁饮酒率也显著上升，从1987年的平均9.2%升至1997年的15.0%。关于非法药物，大麻的终生使用率显著上升（从1987年的2.8%增至1997年的7.6%，增长了两倍）。在整个调查期间，可卡因的使用量增长了四倍（从1987年的0.5%增至1997年的2.0%）。八个首府（累西腓和里约热内卢除外）可卡因的终生使用率显著上升。然而，频繁使用可卡因的情况仅在三个首府（贝伦、福塔莱萨和阿雷格里港）有所增加，从1987年的平均1.0%升至1997年的3.6%。在整个调查期间，诸如抗焦虑药和安非他命等药物的终生使用率平均增长了两倍。对比这四项研究，主要结论是许多药物的终生使用、频繁使用和大量使用频率都有显著增加。
