Haag-Wackernagel D, Moch H
Institute of Anatomy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
J Infect. 2004 May;48(4):307-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2003.11.001.
A comprehensive literature search of epidemiological studies and reports of transmissions of disease from feral pigeons to humans was performed. There were 176 documented transmissions of illness from feral pigeons to humans reported between 1941 and 2003. Feral pigeons harbored 60 different human pathogenic organisms, but only seven were transmitted to humans. Aerosol transmission accounted for 99.4% of incidents. There was a single report of transmission of Salmonella enterica serotype Kiambu to humans from feral pigeons, and no reports of transmission of Campylobacter spp. The most commonly transmitted pathogens continue to be Chlamydophila psittaci and Cryptococcus neoformans. Although feral pigeons pose sporadic health risks to humans, the risk is very low, even for humans involved in occupations that bring them into close contact with nesting sites. In sharp contrast, the immunocompromised patient may have a nearly 1000-fold greater risk of acquiring mycotic disease from feral pigeons and their excreta than does the general population.
我们对关于野鸽向人类传播疾病的流行病学研究和报告进行了全面的文献检索。1941年至2003年间，有176例记录在案的野鸽向人类传播疾病的病例报告。野鸽携带60种不同的人类致病生物，但只有7种传播给了人类。气溶胶传播占事件的99.4%。有一份关于野鸽将肠炎沙门氏菌基安布血清型传播给人类的报告，没有弯曲杆菌属传播的报告。最常传播的病原体仍然是鹦鹉热衣原体和新型隐球菌。尽管野鸽对人类构成零星的健康风险，但风险非常低，即使对于那些从事与筑巢地密切接触职业的人也是如此。与之形成鲜明对比的是，免疫功能低下的患者从野鸽及其排泄物中感染真菌病的风险可能比普通人群高近1000倍。
