Hirano Asao, Hirano Michio
Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467-2490, USA.
Neuropathology. 2004 Mar;24(1):1-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2003.00526.x.
A diverse variety of benign cysts exist in the CNS. Advances in diagnostic radiology have facilitated diagnoses and surgical intervention in many patients with CNS cysts. However, a fundamental understanding of the pathological features of these lesions is clinically vital. From an etiological point of view, the cysts can be divided into two groups. The first includes lesions that arise from within the CNS and may be static structures such as cavities arising from infarcts and other destructive processes while other lesions such as arachnoid cysts, ependymal cysts, cystic hemangioblastoma, cystic cerebellar astrocytoma and infectious processes, are progressive. The second group of cysts arise from the intrusion of non-nervous system tissue into the neuroaxis and are usually midline. They are frequently expanding congenital lesions although some become symptomatic only in adults. Examples include teratomas, dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, craniopharyngiomas, Rathke's cleft cysts, and other epithelial cysts presumably derived from the upper respiratory or intestinal tract. Chick embryos exposed to lead have been used as a model of cyst formation.
中枢神经系统（CNS）存在各种各样的良性囊肿。诊断放射学的进展有助于许多患有中枢神经系统囊肿患者的诊断和手术干预。然而，从临床上看，对这些病变的病理特征有一个基本的了解至关重要。从病因学角度来看，囊肿可分为两组。第一组包括起源于中枢神经系统内部的病变，可能是静态结构，如梗死和其他破坏性过程引起的空洞，而其他病变，如蛛网膜囊肿、室管膜囊肿、囊性血管母细胞瘤、囊性小脑星形细胞瘤和感染性病变，则是进行性的。第二组囊肿是由非神经系统组织侵入神经轴引起的，通常位于中线。它们通常是不断扩大的先天性病变，尽管有些仅在成人期出现症状。例子包括畸胎瘤、皮样囊肿、表皮样囊肿、颅咽管瘤、拉克氏裂囊肿以及其他可能源自上呼吸道或肠道的上皮囊肿。接触铅的鸡胚胎已被用作囊肿形成的模型。
