Amirkhanian Y A, Kelly J A, Benotsch E G, Somlai A M, Brown K D, Fernandez M I, Opgenorth K M
Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2004 Mar;12(1):12-8.
HIV incidence is rising more rapidly in some areas of Central and Eastern Europe than anywhere else in the world. Carrying out effective HIV prevention programs requires the presence of "bridges" that can reach community populations most vulnerable to the disease. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are in a natural role to conduct HIV prevention programs. The Directors of 29 HIV prevention NGOs representing almost all countries in Central and Eastern Europe participated in in-depth interviews by telephone. The broad topics of these interviews included descriptions of the three largest programs conducted by each NGO during the past six months, at-risk target populations served, major barriers faced, and funding sources that sponsored HIV prevention activities. NGO programs most often targeted injection drug users (IDUs); other stigmatized groups were less frequently served by NGOs in the sample. The most common types of prevention activities were needle exchange, HIV prevention peer education, and delivering AIDS presentations and distributing educational materials. Among the major barriers that hampered effective conduct of HIV prevention programs were a shortage of available financial resources, governmental indifference or opposition, and AIDS-related stigma. National governments rarely provided substantial funds for NGO programs, and most funding came from United Nations agencies or private foundations. The information sources reported to be most helpful in assisting NGOs in program development were sharing ideas with other NGOs, participating in conferences, and accessing information from the Internet. A number of programs reported by the NGO Directors were innovative, outstanding, and comprehensive. Five such exemplary programs are described in this article. HIV epidemics in the region are still potentially controllable. NGOs need immediate support so that they can carry out their community-based activities on a larger scale.
在中东欧的一些地区，艾滋病毒感染率的上升速度比世界上其他任何地方都要快。开展有效的艾滋病毒预防项目需要有能够覆盖最易感染该疾病的社区人群的“桥梁”。非政府组织（NGO）在开展艾滋病毒预防项目方面具有天然的作用。代表中东欧几乎所有国家的29个艾滋病毒预防非政府组织的负责人参加了电话深度访谈。这些访谈的广泛主题包括各非政府组织在过去六个月开展的三个最大项目的描述、所服务的高危目标人群、面临的主要障碍以及资助艾滋病毒预防活动的资金来源。非政府组织的项目最常针对注射吸毒者（IDU）；在样本中，其他受污名化的群体较少得到非政府组织的服务。最常见的预防活动类型是针头交换、艾滋病毒预防同伴教育以及举办艾滋病讲座和分发教育材料。阻碍有效开展艾滋病毒预防项目的主要障碍包括可用财政资源短缺、政府的冷漠或反对以及与艾滋病相关的污名。各国政府很少为非政府组织的项目提供大量资金，大多数资金来自联合国机构或私人基金会。据报告，在协助非政府组织开展项目方面最有帮助的信息来源是与其他非政府组织交流想法、参加会议以及从互联网获取信息。非政府组织负责人报告的一些项目具有创新性、卓越性和全面性。本文描述了五个这样的典范项目。该地区的艾滋病毒流行仍有可能得到控制。非政府组织需要立即得到支持，以便它们能够更大规模地开展基于社区的活动。
