Koren Hillel S, Crawford-Brown Douglas
Carolina Environmental Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 1105, 208 Miller Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 2759-1105, USA.
Environ Res. 2004 May;95(1):92-105. doi: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00137-3.
Despite that a significant body of published literature exists in the complex area of interconnection among the environment, ecosystems, and human activity, relatively little attention has been paid to the integration and analysis of ecological and human health data in the form of a conceptual model. Human and ecological health protection generally have been treated as separate domains of policy, with significant differences in both the analytic methods used to characterize risks and the policies developed for risk reduction. Understanding the relationships among population growth, development, natural resource use, the environment, human health, and ecosystems is an important area of both scientific inquiry and environmental policy. The present paper focuses on the development of a conceptual model for understanding disease causation, particularly infectious disease, and the implications of such a model for public policy. The conceptual model incorporates ecological and human health risk assessment information applied to case studies of two infectious diseases. This article takes an initial step toward formalizing the conceptual model so that research and assessment procedures can be developed.
尽管在环境、生态系统和人类活动之间相互联系的复杂领域已有大量已发表的文献，但相对而言，以概念模型的形式对生态和人类健康数据进行整合与分析的关注较少。人类健康保护和生态健康保护通常被视为政策的不同领域，在用于描述风险的分析方法以及为降低风险而制定的政策方面都存在显著差异。理解人口增长、发展、自然资源利用、环境、人类健康和生态系统之间的关系，是科学探究和环境政策的一个重要领域。本文重点在于开发一个用于理解疾病成因，特别是传染病成因的概念模型，以及这样一个模型对公共政策的影响。该概念模型纳入了应用于两种传染病案例研究的生态和人类健康风险评估信息。本文朝着将该概念模型形式化迈出了第一步，以便能够开发研究和评估程序。
