Wade Nicholas J, Heller Dieter
Department of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
J Hist Neurosci. 2003 Dec;12(4):376-95. doi: 10.1076/jhin.12.4.376.27911.
The initial interpretations of motion phenomena are often in terms of eye movements. It reflects a desire to link an objective expression of motion (of the eyes) with a subjective experience of motion. This approach is examined historically with respect to induced motion, motion aftereffects, visual vertigo, autokinetic effects and stroboscopic motion. All but one of these phenomena were initially observed in the natural environment and they have subsequently been studied under laboratory conditions. Eye movements are not correlated with induced motion, the motion aftereffect, or stroboscopic motion, but they do correspond to the direction and extent of visual vertigo. The extent of apparent visual motion in the autokinetic effect far exceeds that of involuntary eye movements but there might be a weak relation between them. If eye movements are to provide a reasonable account of motion illusions then they should apply to all the contours that are visible. This does apply to visual vertigo, but not to induced motion, the motion aftereffect and stroboscopic motion, all of which involve relative motion in a visible display. The autokinetic phenomenon involves the perception of isolated stimuli, and so interpretations in terms of some internal eye movement signals remain sustainable.
对运动现象的最初解释往往涉及眼球运动。这反映了一种将（眼球的）客观运动表达与主观运动体验联系起来的愿望。本文从历史角度考察了这种方法在诱导运动、运动后效、视觉眩晕、自主运动效应和频闪运动方面的情况。除了其中一种现象外，其他所有现象最初都是在自然环境中观察到的，随后在实验室条件下进行了研究。眼球运动与诱导运动、运动后效或频闪运动无关，但它们确实与视觉眩晕的方向和程度相对应。自主运动效应中明显的视觉运动程度远远超过非自主眼球运动，但它们之间可能存在微弱的关系。如果眼球运动要合理解释运动错觉，那么它们应该适用于所有可见的轮廓。这适用于视觉眩晕，但不适用于诱导运动、运动后效和频闪运动，所有这些都涉及可见显示中的相对运动。自主运动现象涉及对孤立刺激的感知，因此基于一些内部眼球运动信号的解释仍然成立。
