Erickson Molly L
Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesee 37996, USA.
J Voice. 2004 Mar;18(1):24-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.08.001.
This study represents a first step toward understanding the contribution formant frequency makes to the perception of female voice categories. The effects of formant frequency and pitch on the perception of voice category were examined by constructing a perceptual study that used two sets of synthetic stimuli at various pitches throughout the female singing range. The first set was designed to test the effects of systematically varying formants 1 through 4. The second set was designed to test the relative effects of lower frequency formants (F1 and F2) versus higher frequency formants (F3 and F4) through construction of mixed stimuli. Generally, as the frequencies of all four formants decreased, perception of soprano voice category decreased at all but the highest pitch, A5. However, perception of soprano voice category also increased as a function of pitch. Listeners appeared to need agreement between all four formants to perceive voice categories. When upper and lower formants are inconsistent in frequency, listeners were unable to judge voice category, but they could use the inconsistent patterns to form perceptions about degree of jaw opening.
本研究是了解共振峰频率对女性嗓音类别感知贡献的第一步。通过构建一项感知研究来检验共振峰频率和音高对嗓音类别感知的影响，该研究在女性歌唱音域的不同音高上使用了两组合成刺激。第一组旨在测试系统改变共振峰1至4的影响。第二组旨在通过构建混合刺激来测试低频共振峰（F1和F2）与高频共振峰（F3和F4）的相对影响。一般来说，随着所有四个共振峰的频率降低，除了最高音A5外，在所有音高上女高音嗓音类别的感知都降低了。然而，女高音嗓音类别的感知也随着音高的变化而增加。听众似乎需要所有四个共振峰之间达成一致才能感知嗓音类别。当上下共振峰的频率不一致时，听众无法判断嗓音类别，但他们可以利用不一致的模式来形成关于下颌张开程度的感知。
