Austin Stephen F
College of Music, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
J Voice. 2007 Jan;21(1):72-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.08.013. Epub 2006 Jan 18.
This study examined the amount of jaw opening used by two groups of singers, those with less than 4 years of training (novice) and those with more than 8 years of training (experienced) in the Western tradition of opera and art song. Movement of the jaw in the superior-inferior plane was measured with the use of a lightweight head-mounted cephalostat with a strain gauge. The subjects spoke and then sung a carrier phrase "I say b(v)p," where (v) was each of three vowels, [a], [i], and [u]. The phrase was first spoken with a natural inflection and then sung on a repeated pitch at three notes from the low, medium, and high singing voice range. There was no statistically significant difference in jaw opening between the two groups of singers. Vowel was significant for jaw opening in both groups, with [a] being produced with more jaw opening than [i] or [u]. The voicing condition was also significant for jaw opening with greater jaw opening being used as pitch increased. In general the amount of jaw opening was smallest for the low singing voice condition and greatest for the high singing voice condition. The jaw opening most typically was less in the low voice condition than in the speech condition and then increased for both the medium and high voice tasks. All but two singers used more jaw opening on the [a] vowel than the other two vowels at all voicing conditions.
本研究调查了两组歌手在演唱时的下颌张开程度，这两组歌手分别是接受西方传统歌剧和艺术歌曲训练少于4年的（新手）以及接受训练超过8年的（有经验的）。使用带有应变仪的轻型头戴式头位固定器测量下颌在上下平面的运动。受试者先说话，然后演唱一个载体短语“我说b(v)p”，其中(v)为三个元音[a]、[i]和[u]中的每一个。该短语先以自然语调说出，然后在低音、中音和高音歌唱音域的三个音符上以重复音高演唱。两组歌手之间的下颌张开程度在统计学上没有显著差异。元音对两组的下颌张开程度均有显著影响，发[a]音时的下颌张开程度大于发[i]或[u]音时。发声条件对下颌张开程度也有显著影响，随着音高升高，下颌张开程度增大。一般来说，低音歌唱时的下颌张开程度最小，高音歌唱时的下颌张开程度最大。在低音条件下，除两名歌手外，所有歌手在所有发声条件下发[a]元音时的下颌张开程度都比发其他两个元音时更大。
