Bütefisch Cathrin M
Neurological Therapeutic Center, Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Neuroscientist. 2004 Apr;10(2):163-73. doi: 10.1177/1073858403262152.
The adult brain maintains the ability for reorganization or plasticity throughout life. Results from neurophysiological and neuroanatomical experiments in animals and noninvasive neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies in humans show considerable plasticity of motor representations with use or nonuse, skill learning, or injury to the nervous system. An important concept of reorganization in the motor cortex is that of a distributed neuronal network in which multiple overlapping motor representations are functionally connected through an extensive horizontal network. By changing the strength of horizontal connections between motor neurons, functionally different neuronal assemblies can form, thereby providing a substrate to construct dynamic motor output zones. Modulation of inhibition and synaptic efficacy are mechanisms involved. Recent evidence from animal experiments indicates that these functional changes are accompanied by anatomical changes. Because plasticity of the brain plays a major role in the recovery of function after stroke, the knowledge of the principles of plasticity may help to design strategies to enhance plasticity when it is beneficial, such as after brain infarction.
成人大脑在其一生中都保持着重组或可塑性的能力。动物神经生理学和神经解剖学实验以及人类非侵入性神经成像和电生理学研究的结果表明，随着使用或不使用、技能学习或神经系统损伤，运动表征具有相当大的可塑性。运动皮层重组的一个重要概念是分布式神经元网络，其中多个重叠的运动表征通过广泛的水平网络进行功能连接。通过改变运动神经元之间水平连接的强度，可以形成功能不同的神经元集合，从而为构建动态运动输出区提供一个基础。其中涉及抑制调节和突触效能等机制。动物实验的最新证据表明，这些功能变化伴随着解剖学变化。由于大脑可塑性在中风后功能恢复中起主要作用，了解可塑性原理可能有助于设计策略，在可塑性有益时增强其作用，例如在脑梗死后。
