Eliopoulos George M
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Am Heart J. 2004 Apr;147(4):587-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2003.06.006.
Infections may complicate cardiovascular surgery or may require surgery as an adjunct to successful treatment. Staphylococci, which are among the major pathogenic bacteria causing such infections, can be resistant to many of the older antibiotics.
The properties of several newer antimicrobial agents, recently approved or still investigational, were reviewed, with an emphasis on in vitro activities against staphylococci.
The 2 approved agents, linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin, and several investigational agents being developed demonstrate in vitro antimicrobial activity against staphylococci. Three of these agents, daptomycin, which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in September 2003, and oritavancin and dalbavancin, which are in advanced stages of clinical development, are discussed.
Although clinical studies are required, the in vitro anti-staphylococcal activities of several agents suggest that these antimicrobial agents might be useful options for some infections in patients who are intolerant of older antibiotics or who are infected with organisms that are resistant to older agents.
感染可能使心血管手术复杂化，或者可能需要手术作为成功治疗的辅助手段。葡萄球菌是导致此类感染的主要病原菌之一，对许多较老的抗生素具有耐药性。
综述了几种最近批准或仍在研究中的新型抗菌药物的特性，重点是对葡萄球菌的体外活性。
2种已批准的药物利奈唑胺和奎奴普丁-达福普汀，以及几种正在研发的研究性药物，均显示出对葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性。本文讨论了其中3种药物，2003年9月被美国食品药品监督管理局批准的达托霉素，以及处于临床开发后期的奥利万星和达巴万星。
尽管需要进行临床研究，但几种药物的体外抗葡萄球菌活性表明，对于不耐受较老抗生素或感染了对较老药物耐药的微生物的患者，这些抗菌药物可能是某些感染的有用选择。
