Nybom Hilde
Balsgård Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Fjälkestadsvägen 459, SE-291 94 Kristianstad, Sweden.
Mol Ecol. 2004 May;13(5):1143-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02141.x.
A compilation was made of 307 studies using nuclear DNA markers for evaluating among- and within-population diversity in wild angiosperms and gymnosperms. Estimates derived by the dominantly inherited markers (RAPD, AFLP, ISSR) are very similar and may be directly comparable. STMS analysis yields almost three times higher values for within-population diversity whereas among-population diversity estimates are similar to those derived by the dominantly inherited markers. Number of sampled plants per population and number of scored microsatellite DNA alleles are correlated with some of the population genetics parameters. In addition, maximum geographical distance between sampled populations has a strong positive effect on among-population diversity. As previously verified with allozyme data, RAPD- and STMS-based analyses show that long-lived, outcrossing, late successional taxa retain most of their genetic variability within populations. By contrast, annual, selfing and/or early successional taxa allocate most of the genetic variability among populations. Estimates for among- and within-population diversity, respectively, were negatively correlated. The only major discrepancy between allozymes and STMS on the one hand, and RAPD on the other hand, concerns geographical range; within-population diversity was strongly affected when the former methods were used but not so in the RAPD-based studies. Direct comparisons between the different methods, when applied to the same plant material, indicate large similarities between the dominant markers and somewhat lower similarity with the STMS-based data, presumably due to insufficient number of analysed microsatellite DNA loci in many studies.
对307项利用核DNA标记评估野生被子植物和裸子植物种群间及种群内多样性的研究进行了汇编。由显性遗传标记（RAPD、AFLP、ISSR）得出的估计值非常相似，且可直接比较。STMS分析得出的种群内多样性值几乎高出三倍，而种群间多样性估计值与显性遗传标记得出的结果相似。每个种群采样植物的数量和计分的微卫星DNA等位基因数量与一些种群遗传学参数相关。此外，采样种群之间的最大地理距离对种群间多样性有强烈的正向影响。正如之前用等位酶数据验证的那样，基于RAPD和STMS的分析表明，长寿、异交、演替后期的类群在种群内保留了大部分遗传变异。相比之下，一年生、自交和/或演替早期的类群将大部分遗传变异分配到种群之间。种群间和种群内多样性的估计值分别呈负相关。一方面，等位酶和STMS之间，另一方面与RAPD之间的唯一主要差异涉及地理范围；使用前一种方法时，种群内多样性受到强烈影响，但基于RAPD的研究中并非如此。当将不同方法应用于相同植物材料时，直接比较表明显性标记之间有很大的相似性，与基于STMS的数据的相似性略低，这可能是由于许多研究中分析的微卫星DNA位点数量不足。
