Bokor-Bratić Marija
Klinika za stomatologiju, Medicinski fakultet, Novi Sad.
Med Pregl. 2003 Nov-Dec;56(11-12):552-5. doi: 10.2298/mpns0312552b.
This paper reviews epidemiologic studies on prevalence of oral leukoplakia. Special emphasis is placed on population selection, diagnostic criteria, type and training of examiners and risk factor assessment. Prevalence of leukoplakia in these studies has ranged from 0.6% to 4.6%. Variations in prevalence among the studies could depend on methodology, especially studied populations and diagnostic criteria. Most investigations have investigated the entire available adult population in a geographic region or a random sample. Others have comprised selected populations, such as hospital or clinic patients. Our study has shown that prevalence of oral leukoplakia was 2.2% in a relatively small and highly selected population.
The onset of leukoplakia usually takes place after the age of 30 years. Our study showed that oral leukoplakia occurred in men over 40 years of age and in women over 50 years of age. These results are supported most previous findings. Gender distribution varies in most studies, ranging from a strong male predominance (4:1), to almost 1:1 in the Netherlands.
Tobacco smoking is the most important known etiological factor in development of oral leukoplakia. Smokers have a six-fold increase in the risk of developing leukoplakia of the oral mucosa in regard to non-smokers. Six European studies, including our study, found a prevalence of smoking between 56 and 97 percent in leukoplakia patients. Our study also showed that the majority of smokers with leukoplakia (74.0%) smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day compared to 34.5% of those without leukoplakia.
Smoking and alcohol consumption are often coexistent factors making it difficult to assess the effects of these factors individually. In our study the highest prevalence of leukoplakia (33.3%) was established in subjects who smoked cigarettes and consumed alcohol, compared to those who smoke tobacco only (18.2%).
本文回顾了关于口腔白斑病患病率的流行病学研究。特别强调了人群选择、诊断标准、检查者的类型与培训以及风险因素评估。这些研究中白斑病的患病率在0.6%至4.6%之间。研究之间患病率的差异可能取决于方法，尤其是所研究的人群和诊断标准。大多数调查研究了地理区域内的全部成年人群或随机样本。其他研究则涵盖了特定人群，如医院或诊所的患者。我们的研究表明，在一个相对较小且经过高度筛选的人群中，口腔白斑病的患病率为2.2%。
白斑病通常在30岁以后发病。我们的研究表明，口腔白斑病发生在40岁以上的男性和50岁以上的女性中。这些结果得到了大多数先前研究结果的支持。在大多数研究中，性别分布各不相同，从男性占主导（4:1）到荷兰几乎为1:1。
吸烟是已知的口腔白斑病发生发展中最重要的病因。与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者患口腔黏膜白斑病的风险增加了六倍。包括我们的研究在内的六项欧洲研究发现，白斑病患者中的吸烟率在56%至97%之间。我们的研究还表明，大多数患白斑病的吸烟者（74.0%）每天吸烟超过20支，而未患白斑病的吸烟者中这一比例为34.5%。
吸烟和饮酒往往是并存因素，使得难以单独评估这些因素的影响。在我们的研究中，吸烟且饮酒的受试者中白斑病的患病率最高（33.3%），而仅吸烟的受试者中患病率为18.2%。
