Dillon Charles, Paulose-Ram Ryne, Hirsch Rosemarie, Gu Qiuping
Division of Health Examination Statistics, U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Apr 15;29(8):892-6. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200404150-00014.
Population-based cross-sectional prevalence survey.
To define muscle relaxant use patterns in the United States.
Despite a long history of use for back pain and musculoskeletal disorders, national prevalence patterns of prescription muscle relaxant use have not been defined.
NHANES III (1988-1994) is an in-person health examination survey of the U.S. civilian population, based on a complex, multistage probability sample design.
An estimated 2 million American adults reported muscle relaxant use (1-month period prevalence 1.0%; 95% confidence interval 0.8-1.3%). While virtually all (94%) used individual muscle relaxants rather than fixed combination muscle relaxant analgesics, two thirds took an additional prescription analgesic. Men and women had similar usage. Median user age was 42 years, but 16% of users were older than 60 years. Eighty-five percent of users took muscle relaxants for back pain or muscle disorders. Two thirds of muscle relaxant users had histories of recent back pain; however, only 4% of all those with a recent history of back pain reported any muscle relaxant use. Mean length of use was 2.1 years (95% confidence interval 1.6-2.6), with 44.5% taking medication longer than a year (95% confidence interval 35.7-53.3). Muscle relaxant use in the elderly, among older persons with ambulatory impairments, and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appeared undiminished compared with general population use.
Although typically recommended for short-term treatment of back pain, muscle relaxants are often used chronically and are prescribed to subpopulations potentially at risk for adverse effects.
基于人群的横断面患病率调查。
确定美国肌肉松弛剂的使用模式。
尽管肌肉松弛剂用于治疗背痛和肌肉骨骼疾病已有很长历史，但全国范围内处方肌肉松弛剂的使用模式尚未明确。
美国国立卫生统计中心第三次全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES III，1988 - 1994年）是一项针对美国平民人口的面对面健康检查调查，基于复杂的多阶段概率抽样设计。
估计有200万美国成年人报告使用过肌肉松弛剂（1个月患病率为1.0%；95%置信区间为0.8 - 1.3%）。几乎所有使用者（94%）使用的是单一肌肉松弛剂，而非固定复方肌肉松弛剂镇痛药，三分之二的使用者还服用了其他处方镇痛药。男性和女性的使用率相似。使用者的年龄中位数为42岁，但16%的使用者年龄超过60岁。85%的使用者使用肌肉松弛剂是为了治疗背痛或肌肉疾病。三分之二的肌肉松弛剂使用者近期有背痛病史；然而，在所有近期有背痛病史的人中，只有4%报告使用过任何肌肉松弛剂。平均使用时长为2.1年（95%置信区间为1.6 - 2.6），44.5%的使用者用药时间超过一年（95%置信区间为35.7 - 53.3）。与普通人群相比，老年人、有行动障碍的老年人以及慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中肌肉松弛剂的使用情况似乎并未减少。
尽管肌肉松弛剂通常被推荐用于背痛的短期治疗，但它们经常被长期使用，并且被开给可能有不良反应风险的亚人群。
