Arendt Robert E, Short Elizabeth J, Singer Lynn T, Minnes Sonia, Hewitt Julie, Flynn Sarah, Carlson Lisa, Min Meeyoung O, Klein Nancy, Flannery Daniel
The Buckeye Ranch, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004 Apr;25(2):83-90. doi: 10.1097/00004703-200404000-00002.
Data are equivocal regarding the long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to cocaine on school-aged children. We compared 101 children exposed prenatally to cocaine with 130 unexposed children on measures of intelligence, visual motor, and motor abilities at age 7 years. Bivariate analyses revealed that cocaine-exposed children scored significantly lower than comparison children on the abbreviated Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition Verbal and Full Scale IQ scores, the Visual Motor Integration and Motor Coordination standardized scores, and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Fine Motor Composite score. Regression analyses indicated that the biological mother's vocabulary and home environment assessed at the same 7-year visit were stronger predictors of developmental outcome than prenatal drug exposure. Level of cocaine exposure, however, predicted visual motor and motor skills. The results indicate that although prenatal cocaine exposure may confer some degree of developmental disadvantage in the visual motor domain, it frequently occurs in the context of an inadequate rearing environment, which may be a stronger determinant than prenatal cocaine exposure of children's outcome.
关于产前接触可卡因对学龄儿童的长期影响，数据并不明确。我们将101名产前接触可卡因的儿童与130名未接触可卡因的儿童在7岁时的智力、视觉运动和运动能力方面进行了比较。双变量分析显示，在韦氏儿童智力量表第三版简式言语和全量表智商得分、视觉运动整合和运动协调标准化得分以及布鲁宁克斯-奥塞雷茨基精细运动综合得分方面，接触可卡因的儿童得分显著低于对照组儿童。回归分析表明，在同一次7岁访视中评估的生母词汇量和家庭环境比产前药物暴露更能预测发育结果。然而，可卡因暴露水平可预测视觉运动和运动技能。结果表明，虽然产前接触可卡因可能在视觉运动领域带来一定程度的发育劣势，但这种情况经常发生在养育环境不足的背景下，这可能比产前接触可卡因而言，是儿童发育结果的更强决定因素。
