Chiu Cheng-Hsun, Su Lin-Hui, Chu Chishih
Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Apr;17(2):311-22. doi: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.311-322.2004.
Nontyphoid Salmonella strains are important causes of reportable food-borne infection. Among more than 2,000 serotypes, Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis shows the highest predilection to cause systemic infections in humans. The most feared complication of serotype Cholearesuis bacteremia in adults is the development of mycotic aneurysm, which previously was almost uniformally fatal. The advances in diagnostic techniques, surgical care, and antimicrobial therapy have greatly improved the survival of these patients. However, the recent emergence of serotype Choleraesuis that is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and, notably, fluoroquinolone antibiotics has aroused concern about the use of these agents for the empirical treatment of systemic infection caused by this organism. In view of the serious implications of the situation, the chain of transmission and mechanism of resistance should be carefully studied to reduce the spread of infection and threat to human health. To date, there are no vaccines available to prevent serotype Choleraesuis infections in humans. The availability, in the near future, of the genome sequence of serotype Cholearesuis will facilitate the development of effective vaccines as well as the discovery of new targets for novel antimicrobial agents.
非伤寒沙门氏菌菌株是可报告的食源性感染的重要病因。在2000多种血清型中，猪霍乱沙门氏菌血清型在人类中引起全身感染的倾向最高。成人猪霍乱沙门氏菌血清型菌血症最可怕的并发症是霉菌性动脉瘤的发生，以前几乎无一例外都是致命的。诊断技术、外科护理和抗菌治疗的进步大大提高了这些患者的生存率。然而，最近出现的对氨苄西林、氯霉素、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑，尤其是氟喹诺酮类抗生素耐药的猪霍乱沙门氏菌血清型，引起了人们对使用这些药物经验性治疗该病原体引起的全身感染的担忧。鉴于这种情况的严重影响，应仔细研究传播链和耐药机制，以减少感染传播和对人类健康的威胁。迄今为止，尚无预防人类猪霍乱沙门氏菌血清型感染的疫苗。在不久的将来，猪霍乱沙门氏菌血清型基因组序列的可得性将有助于开发有效的疫苗以及发现新型抗菌药物的新靶点。
