Willford Jennifer A, Richardson Gale A, Leech Sharon L, Day Nancy L
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Mar;28(3):497-507. doi: 10.1097/01.alc.0000117868.97486.2d.
This study investigated the effects of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on learning and memory in 14-year-old adolescents. The Children's Memory Scale was used to assess learning and memory function in the verbal/auditory and visual/spatial domains. In addition, both short- and long-term memory function were assessed.
Data were collected as part of the Maternal Health Practices and Child Development Project, a longitudinal study including 580 children and their mothers. Women were assessed during each trimester of pregnancy and with their children from birth to 16 years of age. At age 14, memory function was evaluated using the Children's Memory Scale, an assessment tool that measures learning and immediate and delayed memory function in the verbal and visual-spatial domains.
Prenatal alcohol exposure during the first trimester predicted deficits in learning, short-term memory, and long-term memory, specifically in the verbal domain. Deficits in performance were specific to learning and memory of word-pairs. In addition, deficits in memory were mediated by learning performance.
Results demonstrated that prenatal alcohol exposure lead to deficits in encoding processes as indicated by deficits in verbal learning. Initial deficits in acquisition were responsible for deficits in immediate and delayed recall of verbal information in children who were exposed to alcohol during pregnancy but did not have fetal alcohol syndrome.
本研究调查了孕期适度饮酒对14岁青少年学习和记忆的影响。使用儿童记忆量表评估言语/听觉和视觉/空间领域的学习和记忆功能。此外，还评估了短期和长期记忆功能。
数据收集自母婴健康行为与儿童发育项目，这是一项纵向研究，包括580名儿童及其母亲。在孕期的每个阶段对母亲进行评估，并在孩子从出生到16岁期间对其进行评估。在14岁时，使用儿童记忆量表评估记忆功能，该评估工具可测量言语和视觉空间领域的学习、即时和延迟记忆功能。
孕早期饮酒预示着学习、短期记忆和长期记忆方面的缺陷，尤其是在言语领域。表现缺陷具体体现在对单词对的学习和记忆上。此外，记忆缺陷由学习表现介导。
结果表明，孕期饮酒导致言语学习缺陷所表明的编码过程缺陷。孕期饮酒但未患胎儿酒精综合征的儿童，最初获取信息的缺陷是导致言语信息即时和延迟回忆缺陷的原因。
