Poux Céline, Douzery Emmanuel J P
Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Paléobiologie et Phylogénie-CC064, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554/CNRS, Université Montpellier II 34095 Montpellier, France.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2004 May;124(1):1-16. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.10322.
The first third (ca. 1200 bp) of exon 1 of the nuclear gene encoding the interstitial retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) has been sequenced for 12 representative primates belonging to Lemuriformes, Lorisiformes, Tarsiiformes, Platyrrhini, and Catarrhini, and combined with available data (13 other primates, 11 nonprimate placentals, and 2 marsupials). Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood on nucleotides and amino acids robustly support the monophyly of primates, Strepsirrhini, Lemuriformes, Lorisiformes, Anthropoidea, Catarrhini, and Platyrrhini. It is interesting to note that 1) Tarsiidae grouped with Anthropoidea, and the support for this node depends on the molecular characters considered; 2) Cheirogaleidae grouped within Lemuriformes; and 3) Daubentonia was the sister group of all other Lemuriformes. Study of the IRBP evolutionary rate shows a high heterogeneity within placentals and also within primates. Maximum likelihood local molecular clocks were assigned to three clades displaying significantly contrasted evolutionary rates. Paenungulata were shown to evolve 2.5-3 times faster than Perissodactyla and Lemuriformes. Six independent calibration points were used to estimate splitting ages of the main primate clades, and their compatibility was evaluated. Divergence ages were obtained for the following crown groups: 13.8-14.2 MY for Lorisiformes, 26.5-27.2 MY for Lemuroidea, 39.6-40.7 MY for Lemuriformes, 45.4-46.7 MY for Strepsirrhini, and 56.7-58.4 MY for Haplorrhini. The incompatibility between some paleontological and molecular estimates may reflect the incompleteness of the placental fossil record, and/or indicate that the variable IRBP evolutionary rates are not fully accommodated by local molecular clocks.
对编码间质类视黄醇结合蛋白（IRBP）的核基因外显子1的前三分之一（约1200碱基对）进行了测序，涉及狐猴型目、懒猴型目、跗猴型目、阔鼻猴亚目和狭鼻猴亚目的12种代表性灵长类动物，并与现有数据（另外13种灵长类动物、11种非灵长类胎盘哺乳动物和2种有袋动物）相结合。使用最大似然法对核苷酸和氨基酸进行的系统发育分析有力地支持了灵长类动物、原猴亚目、狐猴型目、懒猴型目、类人猿亚目、狭鼻猴亚目和阔鼻猴亚目的单系性。值得注意的是：1）跗猴科与类人猿亚目归为一类，对此节点的支持取决于所考虑的分子特征；2）鼠狐猴科归在狐猴型目内；3）指猴是所有其他狐猴型目的姐妹群。对IRBP进化速率的研究表明，胎盘哺乳动物内部以及灵长类动物内部都存在高度的异质性。为进化速率显著不同的三个分支分配了最大似然局部分子钟。已表明长鼻目动物的进化速度比奇蹄目动物和狐猴型目动物快2.5至3倍。使用六个独立的校准点来估计主要灵长类分支的分化时间，并评估它们的兼容性。获得了以下冠群的分化时间：懒猴型目为1380万至1420万年，狐猴总科为2650万至2720万年，狐猴型目为3960万至4070万年，原猴亚目为4540万至4670万年，简鼻亚目为5670万至5840万年。一些古生物学和分子估计之间的不兼容性可能反映了胎盘化石记录的不完整性，和/或表明局部分子钟并未完全适应IRBP可变的进化速率。
