Jackson R Sean, Banit Daxes M, Rhyne Alfred L, Darden Bruce V
Kansas City Bone and Joint Clinic, Kansas City, MO, USA.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2002 Jul-Aug;10(4):271-80. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200207000-00005.
The unique anatomy of the upper cervical spine and the typical mechanisms of injury yield a predictable variety of injury patterns. Traumatic ligamentous injuries of the atlanto-occipital joint and transverse atlantal ligament are relatively uncommon, have a poor prognosis for healing, and often respond best to surgical stabilization. Bony injuries, including occipital condyle fractures, atlas fractures, most odontoid fractures, and traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis, generally respond well to nonsurgical management. Controversy in management remains, however, especially with type II odontoid fractures.
上颈椎独特的解剖结构和典型的损伤机制导致了一系列可预测的损伤模式。寰枕关节和寰椎横韧带的创伤性韧带损伤相对少见，愈合预后较差，通常手术稳定治疗效果最佳。骨损伤，包括枕髁骨折、寰椎骨折、大多数齿状突骨折和枢椎创伤性滑脱，一般非手术治疗效果良好。然而，治疗方面仍存在争议，尤其是II型齿状突骨折。
